/ 



HISTORY 



CITY OF LAWRENCE. 



BY J. F. C. HAYES 



LAWRENCE, MASS.: 

PUBLISHED BY E. D. aKEEN. 

PRINTED AT T II E "^^ A W R E K C E SEN T f X EL OFFICE. 

1868. 






ADVERTISEMENTS. 



^^«0 For Lawrence and Methuen, Ov 

TVo. 141 Essex Street, LaAvrence. 



:n^ews agents, statio:n'ees. 






Picture Frame Manufacturers 



stationery, School and Miscellaneons, and Blank Books, 

Photograph, Minette and Tintype Albums, Portfolios, "Writing Desks, 

Work Boxes, Backgammon Boards, Baskets, Games, Portmonaies, 

Pocket and Pen Knives, Razors, Scissors, Drawing Paper, 

Pens, Inks, Slates and Fancy Goods. Magazines Neatly 

Bound. Blank and Pass Books made to Order. 

LADIES' TRAVELING BAGS AND RETICULES, 

GOLD PENS AND P E If C I L S , 

ENGRAVINGS, LITHOGRAPHS, CHROfflOS AND PRINTS, 

CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 

NOTE PAPER AND ENVELOPES, 

the Best in the market, direct from the Mills, and manufactured for our own 
special trade. Please examine. 

Daily and Weekly Papers, Magazines and Periodicals, 

of every variety, for sale at our Counter, or delivered at regidences of subscribers in 
Lawrence and Methuen, tcithout extra charge. 

PICTURE FRANCES MANUFACTURED TO ORDER ! 

Boquets, Funeral and Wedding Wreaths Preserved in the most perfect manner by 

no. 141 ESSEX STREET, LAWRENCE, MASS. 

4I£g=- Entire satisfaction given to all who may favor us with their patronage. .gS- 



PREFATORY OBSERVATIONS. 

The aim of this volurfie is to present to the reader facts and incidents 
in the history of Lawrence, many of which will appear to the older 
resident as a thrice told tale. Some portions, however, have never 
before been published. These have been collated to rescue them from 
oblivion. To many much of the material here presented may be of 
little interest. The author deems it a sufficient excuse lor presenting 
it that it has interested himself. 

In the statistical portion of the work, Ballardvale, Andover, North 
Andover and Methuen are included, for the reason that the interests of 
these places have become, in a great measure, identical with those of 
Lawrence. More especially are North Andover and Methuen included, 
because they are very soon to be still more intimately united to us by a 
horse-railway, and moreover, because they will both undoubtedly come 
under the municipality of Lawrence in the course of the next decade. 

In all that has been embodied in these pages, the aim of the author 
has been to obtain facts in the order of their coming, and to present 
them, without imbellishment or coloring, for the use of those who may, 
in coming years, see fit to enlarge upon the themes which he has only 
touched. 

In our labors upon this work, our memory, when undecided, has been 
refreshed by correspondence with those who, like us, were among the 
pioneers in the grieat enterprise of helping to build up a city. We are 
also under special obligations to Mr. George R. Rowe, the clerk of 
our city, and to the clerks of Andover and Methuen. 

J. F. C. HAYES. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



QEO. F. TALBOT, 

g ntgutst and glptkr ar j|, 




CORNEE OF ESSEX ANT> MILL STS., 

LAWRENCE, MASS. 

Where may be found a fine assortment of 

Drugs, Oliemicals, and Family Medicines. 

Having excellent facilities, and giving our strict attention to the selection of articles in 
our line, we feel confident of rendering satisfaction as regards quality of goods. 

Constantly on hand, a superior collection of SOAPS, 

f ubms itnmne |pcrfamts mii Scilrf ^ofebtrs, 

FOREIGN AND AMERICAN COLOGNES, 

Hair Oils, Hair, Nail and Teeth Brushes, Combs, Sponges, &c. 

We are Agent for the Celehrated^DAVIDSON'S EXTENSION SYRINGE, and 
keep a large stock of the various Glass and Metallic patterns. 

ALL THE LEADING PATENT MEDICINES 

of the day can be had at our counters, and any medicine not common to this market 
will be obtained without extra charge. 

PHYSICIANS' PRESORIPTIOlSrS 

receive particular attention, and are compounded in an accurate manner. 

GEO. F. TALBOT, Apothecary, 

ENTRAIfCE TO "WASHINGTON MILLS, ESSEX ST. 



ORIGIN OF LAWRENCE. 

It is now but about fifty-three years since the first poAver 
loom was set in motion in America, at Waltham.* A bolder 
step in the interest of humanity had never been taken on this 
continent, and to Francis C. Lowell, Patrick T. Jackson and 
Nathan Appleton the industry of the country is most deeply 
indebted for tliat important enterprise. The loom had 
been constructed by Mr. Lowell from a description of an 
English machine, then kept a most profound secret from every 
one except the operative weaver. The dresser was also con- 
structed by Mr. Lowell from drawings obtained in England, 
and in its first application was an improvement upon the 
English machine, and with only slight alterations both these 
machines, or rather machines made after their pattern, are 
still in use in the mills of this country upon the fabrication 
of all plain goods. At the period to which we allude, common 
cotton goods were selling in Boston at about thirty-three cents 
per yard. Mr. Jackson told Mr. Appleton at the time that 
he would be satisfied with twenty -five cents, but so long as 
purchasers were willing to pay the additional rate at auction — 
all domestic goods being then sold at auction — it was not in- 
cumbent upon the manufacturers to fix a price upon their 
goods. Gradually the prices of common brown sheetings de- 
clined as follows: 1816, 30 cents per yard; 1819, 21 cents 
per yard; 1826, 13 cents per yard; 1829, 8 1-2 cents per 
yard ; 1843, 6 1-4 cents per yard. 

*The first cotton factory in America was incorporated February 3, 1789, by the 
legislature of Massachusetts. It was located in the west parish of Beverly, and owned 
by Hon. George Cabot and Dr. Joshua Fuller. The corporators named in the act 
were John Cabot, George Cabot, Deborah Cabot, Andrew Cabot, Moses Brown, Joshua 
Fisher, Israel Thorndike, James Leonard, Thomas Somers and Isaac Chapman of 
Beverly, and Henry Higginson of Boston. The charter granted the right to own 
£10,000 of personal and £80, 000 of real estate. The Salem Register says President 
"Washington visited this mill October 30, 1789. The work, both of carding and spin- 
ning, was probably done by hand, as when the concern was sold to Samuel Blanchard 
of Wenham and George S. Johannot of Salem, they erected a mill on Bass river for 
spinning by water poioer. A mill with 22 spindles, for spinning cotton, was set in 
opera ion at Pawtucket in 1792. These spindles were increased in 1805 to 900, making 
it the largest spinning mill in America. In 1808 no less than 34 cotton factories, with 
20j000 spindles, were set in motion in the state of Rhode Island. . 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



ESTABLISHED IN 1856. 

C. B.FRENCH, 

95 ESSEX STREET, LAWRENCE. 



OISTE PRICE 



lllL'Jfl^F'C^ 




Gents' Furnishing Establishment. 



THE FESTEST QUALITIES AND LATEST STYLES OP 

Sill Hili Kimmfeitmiii t@ Siliis 

and fitted to the head by the FRENCH CONFORMATOR, "Warranted in each in- 
stance and kept in repair WITHOUT EXTRA CHARGE. 

A COMPLETE ASSORTMENT OF ALL STYLES AND QUALITIES 

Hats, Caps, Furnisliiiig Goods, Trimks, Umbrellas and Canes, 



TOGETHER WITH 



LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S DRESS PURS, 

AT THE LOWEST CASH PRICES, 

OLD FURS MADE OVER OR TAKEN IN EXCHANGE FOR NEW. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE, 



The success of the manufacturing enterprise at Waltham 
verj soon induced other parties, mainly in Rhode Island and 
Connecticut, to embark in the same channel of trade, and in 
1821 — seven years after the commencement at Waltham — the 
parties interested at that place purchased the Pawtucket Canal 
and commenced operations at Lowell. From this time the 
progress of manufactures was rapid. It needed neither pro- 
found wisdom nor extraordinary foresight to fortell the rising 
of towns and cities wherever water-power could be made avail- 
able. The march of enterprise was that of a giant whose 
foot-prints marked the water-falls and commanded the rushing 
waters to stand back for the benefit of advancing humanity. 
Lowell, Nashua, Dover, Great Falls and Manchester sprang 
into life as by magic. All along the coast the power of our 
sti'eams, large and small, was taken up to propel the spindle 
and the loom ; and where there were no water-falls, the aid of 
steam, as at Salem, Newburyport and Portsmouth, was called 
in to supply the deficiency. An occasional lull, — now named 
a crisis, now a panic, and now again a stagnation — were but 
the rest of a rushing steed to recover from over-exertion the 
strength to advance with accelerated speed and augmented 
power. What was to Mr. Nathan Appleton, in 1814, a doubt- 
ful venture, into which he deposited five thousand dollars with 
the assurance that it was done more as an act of kindness to 
Messrs. Lowell and Jackson, than with a view that it would 
ever be returned to him from the results of the Waltham en- . 
terprise, had in 1834, after a lapse of twenty years, become 
a matter of business which was generally regarded as the most 
absolutely certain to -make large returns. Many of the old 
companies were making large dividends, while those not so 
fortunate seemed afraid or ashamed to admit that from some 
cause they were receiving none. Hence, when the Hamilton 
and Appleton, as an illustration, would divide from 18 to 24 
per cent, per annum, it was announced all over the country as 
an unmistakable indication of the general success of manufac- 
turing enterprises. No wonder then that every available fall 
upon a considerable stream should have been secured. Its 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



WARREN & ROBmSON, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




CABD €LOTHII&, 

OF EVERY BESCRIPTION, 

For Cotton and Woolen Machinery, 

SET IN LEATHER AND ENGLISH CARD CLOTH. Also, 

STRIPPER AND NAPPER CARDS, 

OF ALL KINDS. 

COR. TURNPIKE AND METHUEN STS., 

S^SSbT^sS™'! LAWRENCE, MASS. 



Orders respectfully solicited and promptly executed. Satisfaction guaranteed. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



manifest destiny, in the estimation of the majority of the com- 
munity, was to run a cotton mill; and to secure such a power 
was but another name for securing an ample fortune. 

Immediately after Lowell was founded, the people along the 
river, from that city to tide-water at Haverhill, began to pre- 
dict that the various rapids known as Hunt's, Deer Jump, 
Peters's, Bodwell's, and Mitchell's Falls would soon be taken 
for manufacturing purposes. The entire fall in this distance 
was ascertained to be about fifty feet, of which Hunt's Falls 
comprised sixteen, Deer Jump, Peters's and Bodwell's com- 
prised twenty-six, and these now afford the power in use at 
Lawrence. The fall below Lawrence, in two or three rapids, 
amounts to about eight feet. As early as 1833, Rev. Mr. 
Perry of Bradford predicted that the time would come when 
the Mcrrimac Avould be lined with mills from Lowell to Haver- 
hill. " At about this time the enterprising people of Methuen 
village conceived the idea of turning the Merrimac into the 
Spicket, with a view of increasing the power at that village. 
The survey Avas made by Stephen Barker, Esq., and resulted 
in ascertaining that the project was not feasible. In the mean- 
time, Daniel Saunders, Esq., taking hold of the matter in a 
more practical form, bought out the right to Peters's Falls, 
thus securing the key to Bodwell's Falls below, and most 
effectually checkmating any effort on the part of others to use 
any of the power below Hunt's Falls Avithout his co-operation. 
This purchase was made in 1837. In 1843, Mr. John Ne- 
smith, of Lowell, desired to know upon what terms Mr. 
Saunders Avould admit himself and Mr. Samuel Lawrence to 
become associate OAvners Avith him. The terms were made and 
accepted. The associates then purchased half of Hunt's Falls, 
and thus put themselves effectually in a position to control all 
the poAver on the river beloAv Lowell. Subsequently, through 
the influence of Mr. Samuel Lawrence, their interest in Hunt's 
Falls Avas transferred to the Middlesex Mills in LoAvell, of 
Avhich Mr. LaAvrence was the agent. This association then 
admitted Messrs. Daniel Saunders, Jr., of this city, and 
Thomas Hopkinson, of Lowell, and assumed the name of the 

2 



10 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 




OKKAME^TAL 




1^0. 7 JACKSOISr ST., LAWREISTCE. 



J. ]nj:e:dina^, 




Manufacturer of the Improved 



Invisible or Ventilating Wigs & Toupees, 



— SUCH AS — 



BANDS, SWITCHES, BRAIDS, GRECIAN AND SIDE CURLS, 
PUFFS, CUSHIONS, &C. 

Ladies' and Childreu's HAIR CUT AND DRESSED in the Latest Styles. Particu- 
iilar attention paid to Shampooing Ladies' Heads and to Dying the Hair. 

AGENT FOR VIEIRA'S TOILET SHAMPOOING 



OLEA^NIISTG THE HAIR 

WITHOUT SOAP OR WATER, 

Beautifying and Preserving the Hair and Removing Dan- 
druff and Eruptions. 

MONEY REFUNDED IF IT FAILS OF GIVING SATISFACTION. 

Orders sent by Express will receive prompt attention. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 11 

Water Power Association, with Mr. Lawrence as chairman, 
Daniel Saunders as land agent, and John Nesmith as treas- 
urer, and agreed to expend fifty thousand dollars in the pur- 
chase of land along the river. Mr. Saunders entered upon 
his duty as land agent, purchasing, conditionally, at about 
twice their value for farming purposes, about one hundred 
farms of various sizes. The title to many of these estates be- 
longed to parties at a distance, in Maine, New Hampshire, 
Vermont and New York. He secured all the desirable property 
on the north side of the river, excepting that controlled by 
Mr. Adolphus Durant, which is still in dispute, and most of 
that upon the south side of the river ; the lot upon which the 
Shawsheen House is situated, and that just south of the rail- 
way bridge, where the brick store of Mr. John B. Howard 
stands, being the only exceptions. Having thus obtained the 
title to the land, this company, in 1844, petitioned the legis- 
lature for an act of incorporation as the Essex Company, and 
obtained the following 

CHARTER. 

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatwes, in General 
Court assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows : 

Sect. 1. Samuel Lawrence, John Nesmith, Daniel Saunders, and 
Edmund Bartlett, their associates and successors, are hereby made a 
corporation, by the name of the Essex Company, for the purpose of 
constructing a dam across Merrimack river, and constructing one or 
more locks and canals in connection with said dam, to remove obstruc- 
tions in said river by falls and rapids, from Hunt's Falls to the mouth 
of Shawsheen river, and to create a water power to use, or sell, or lease 
to other persons or corporations, to use for manufacturing and mechan- 
ical purposes ; and, for these purposes, shall have all the powers and 
privileges, and be subject to all'the duties, and liabilities, and restric- 
tions, set forth in the thirty-eighth and forty-fourth chapters of the Re- 
vised Statutes. 

Sect. 2. Said corporation may hold real estate not exceeding, ex- 
clusive of the expenditure for the dam and canals, three hundred thous- 
and dollars, and the whole capital stock of said corporation shall not 
exceed one million dollars, and said stock shall be divided into shares 
not exceeding one hundred dollars each. 

Sect. 3. The said corporation is herebj^ authorized and empowered 
to construct and maintain a dam across said river, either at Deer Jump 
Falls, or BodwelPs Falls, or some point in said river between said falls, 
and all such canals and locks as may be necessary for the purposes afore- 
said ; and for the purpose of making said dam, and constructing the 
main canal for navigation, or transports, may take, occupy, and inclose 



12 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



ICK STORK! 



BEDELL, FOSTER & CO. 



PROPRIETORS OF 



THE 0]SrE FRICE 



IJ 



1 






NO. 15 ARMINQTON BLOCK, 

ESSEX STREET, LAWRENCE, MASS., 

Have on hand, and are daily receiving from the Manufacturers, every description of 

Ready-Made Clothing, 



mmm] 



\m)i 



^@^ 



TOGETHER WITH 



Hats, Caps, Trunks, Valises, Carpet Bags, Umbrellas, 

•which are all 

MAEXED IjST PLAm FIGUKES! 

at as lew a price as goods of the same quality can he purchased in Boston or elsewhere. 
No deviation is ever made from the marks on the Goods, and a good suit of Clothing 
■will be given to the person who will give information to the Proprietors of any act to 
tho contrary. , 

GIVE THE ONE PRICE 8T0RE A TRIAL. 

BBDKLiLi^ FOSTXZR d^ GO.^ 

15 ARMINGTON BLOCK, ESSEX STREET. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 13 



any of the lands adjoining said canals and locks, or dam, which may be 
necessary for building or repairing the same, for towing paths, and other 
necessary purposes, not exceeding twenty feet on each side of said canal, 
or locks, and may blow up and remove any rocks in said river, and dig 
in anv of the lands near to said river, through which it may be necessary 
to pass said main canal : iwovided, that said corporation shall not ob- 
struct the passage of rafts, masts, or floats of timber down said river 
earlier than the first day of June, in building said dam, nor keep the 
same obstructed for a longer time than five months before the opening 
of said canal for the passage thereof. 

Sect. 4. If there shall be occasion, in the prosecution of the powers 
and purposes aforesaid, to make a canal across any public highway, or if 
highways shall hereafter be laid out across such canal, it shall be the 
duty of said corporation to make sufficient bridges across said canal, 
and to keep them in good repair. 

Sect. 5. The said corporation shall make and maintain, in the dam 
so built by them across said river, suitable and reasonable fishways, to 
be kept open at such seasons as are necessary and usual for the passage 
of fish. 

Sect. 6. The said corporation shall erect, and forever maintain snch 
canal and locks as shall be necessary around any dam constructed by 
them ; the locks to be not less than twenty feet in width, and ninety 
feet in length ; and said canal shall be so constructed, that there shall 
be easy, safe, and convenient access to, and egi-ess from, the same, with 
fastenings and moorings for the reconstruction of rafts or floats, after 
the egress ; and shall be free and not subject to any charges whatever 
for the passage of rafts of wood and lumber, masts, and floats of tim- 
ber, and be tended by a keeper employed by said coi-poration, and 
opened at all reasonable times, promptly, for such passage. 

Sect. 7. The fishways in said dam, and the entrance and exit of 
said canal, and the moorings and fastenings at the exit, shall be made 
to the satisfaction of the county commissioners of the county of Essex, 
who shall, on application to them by said corporation, after due notice, 
in such manner as they shall deem reasonable, to all persons interested 
therein, and a hearing of the parties, prescribe the mode of constructing 
the same ; and any person who shall be dissatisfied with the construction 
thereof, when the same are completed, may make complaint to said 
county commissioners, setting forth that the same, or either of them, 
are not constructed according to the prescription of said commissioners ; 
and said commissioners, after due notice as aforesaid, shall proceed to 
examine the same, and shall accept the same, if they shall be of opinion 
that they are built and made according to such prescriptions ; or, if they 
shall be of opinion that the same are not made according to the pre- 
scription, may require the same to be further made and completed, till 
they shall be satisfied to accept the same ; and the expenses of said com- 
missioners, in such examination, shall be paid by said corporation. 

Sect. 8. Any person who shall be damaged in his property by said 
corporation, in cutting or making canals through his lands, or by flow- 
ing the same, or in any other way in carrying into effect the powers 
hereby granted, unless said corporation shall, within thirty days after 
request in writing, pay or tender to said person a reasonable satisfac- 
tion therefor, shall have the same remedies as are provided by law, for 
persons damaged by railroad corporations, in the thirty-ninth chapter 
of the Revised Statutes. 



14 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



(okseller. Str*' 



PICTURE FRAME 



IS^O. 8 ATKi:^srSOK BLOCK, ESSEX ST., 

LAWRENCE, 31 ASS., 




DEALER IN 




AlflgllS 



EVIPORTBD PICTURES, 



Has always on hand a large assortment of 

EUGRAVIITGS, CHUOMOS, LITHOGRAPHS, 

and COLORED PRINTS, and everything in the Picture Line. 

/l^\ ill 



School Books, Blank Books, Pass Books, 
VASES, STATUES, AND RELIGIOUS ORNAMENTS, 

of all kinds. 

NICE NOTE, BILLET, AND LETTER PAPER, 

of every style and price. 

All the Daily and Weekly Papers and Magazines. 



Pictures framed at an hour's notice. Book Binding, Gilding and Marbling done in 
the best manner. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 15 



Sect. 9. For the purpose of reimbursing said corporation in part 
for the cost and expense of keeping said locks and canals in repair, and 
in tending the same, and in clearing the passages necessary for the 
transit of boats and merchandise, and other articles through said canal, 
the following toll is hereby established and granted to said corporation 
on all goods, boats and merchandise, except rafts of wood and lumber, 
masts and tloats of timber passing down said canal, and on all goods 
carried up through said canal, namely : on salt, lime, plaster, bar iron, 
pig iron, iron castings, anthracite coal, stone and hay, eight cents per 
ton of twenty-two hundred and forty pounds ; on bituminous coal, 
twelve cents per chaldron of thirty-six bushels ; on bricks, sixteen cents 
per thousand ; on manure, fifty cents per load ; on oak timber, thirty- 
five cents per ton of forty cubic feet ; on pine plank and boards, thirty 
cents per thousand, board measure ; on ash and otlier hard stuff, forty 
cents per thousand, board measure ; on posts and rails, fifteen cents per 
hundred ; on tree nails, thirty cents per thousand ; on hop poles, twenty 
cents per thousand ; on hard wood, twenty cents per cord ; on pine 
wood, sixteen cents per cord ; on bark, twenty cents per cord ; on white 
oak pipe staves, one dollar per thousand ; on red oak pipe staves, sixty- 
seven cents per thousand ; on white oak hogshead staves, sixty cents 
per thousand ; on red oak hogshead staves, forty cents per thousand ; 
on white oak barrel staves, twenty cents per thousand ; on hogshead 
hoops, sixteen cents per thousand; on barrel hoops, twelve cents per 
thousand ; on hogshead hoop poles, thirty cents per thousand ; on bar- 
rel hoop poles, twenty cents par thousand ; on all articles of merchan- 
dise not enumerated, ten cents per ton of twenty-two hundred and forty 
pounds : j^^ovided, that the rates of toll aforesaid shall be subject to the 
direction of the Legislature. 

Sect. 10. 'The said dam shall not be built to flow the water in said 
river higher than the foot of Hunt's Falls, in the ordinary run and 
amount of water in the river, and a commission of three competent 
persons, to be appointed, one by the said corporation, and one by the 
proprietors of the locks and canals on Merrimack river ; and a bird 
by the two thus appointed, shall, upon the application of either party, 
fix and determine, by permanent monuments, the point in said river, 
which is the foot of Hunt's Falls ; and shall also, upon the like appli- 
cation, fix and determine the height of the dam of this corporation, and 
of the flash boards to be used thereon, whose award and determination 
shall be final and binding upon all parties forever. And if either party 
shall refuse, after request in writing by the other, for the space of thirty 
days, to name such commissioner, or in case of a vacancy in such com- 
mission, for any cause, either party may apply to the Governor of this 
Commonwealth, who is hereby empowered to fill such vacancy. And 
the said point of the foot of Hunt's Falls shall be fixed within sixty days 
after such application to the commissioners, and the height of the jier- 
manent dam shall be fixed and determined within one year after such 
application. 

Sect. 11. This act shall take effect from and after its passage. 
\_A].^voved by the Governor, March 20, IS-IS.] 

Under the foregoing charter the Essex Company was duly 
organized on the 16th of April, 1845, by the choice of Abbott 
Lawrence, Nathan Appleton, Ignatus Sargent, Wm. Sturgis, 



16 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 




IHl BlEI COOK SlOf 1 Ifll HABI. 



FOR COAI. AND WOOD. 

SIX SIZES. WITH AND WITHOUT EXTENSION TOP. 
For Economy in Fuel ; 
For Durability; 

For Capacity in Baking, Boiling, Broiling and Boasting; 
For Simplicity of Management; 

For Cleanliness in Cooking; 
For Great Power of Heating, Baking and Boasting with a very Small 
Consumption of Fuel ; 

For Beauty of Design; 

For Smoothness of Castings and Elegance of Finish ; 

^ THE " PEERLESS " STANDS UNEQUALLED ! .^ 

The Paris Moniteitr, under date of July 1, says: "We have examined with much 
care and attention, all the Cooking Stoves of the different nations exhibited on the 
Champ de Mars, and, in our estimation, none compare favorably with that exhibited 
by Messrs. Pratt & Wentworth, of Boston, Mass. This Stove is called the ' Peerless ' 
and very justly too. It is, we believe, the most perfect Cooking Stove at the Exposi- 
tion. It has an oven of great capacity, baking splendidly, and roasting as well as be- 
fore an open tire. It has an ample and convenient boiling space, and is furnished with 
a well arranged hot-water resei-voir and warming closet. It operates equally well for 
Wood or Coal, and in all the requisites of a Cooking Stove, it is indeed • Peerless.' 
As a specimen of fine casting and elegant finish we have never seen its equal." 

ONLY AGENTS IN LAWRENCE, 

D. N. & C. M. MARTIN, 

NO. 7 ATKINSON BLOCK, ESSEX STREET. 

(See next advertising page.) 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 17 

and Charles S. Storrow as directors. Mr. Storrow was elected 
treasurer and agent, and immediately entered upon the dis- 
charge of his duties. In about two weeks, with a corps of able 
assistant engineers, he Avas at work laying out the future citj. 
The labor was of course an arduous and responsible one, re- 
quiring the exercise of accurate engineering skill and much 
pradent forecast in setting at work all the varied branches of 
trade which the advancement of the great enterprise demand- 
ed. The stone for the dam was to be quarried in New Hamp- 
shire, the lumber for houses, shops. &c., obtained from Maine. 
In a little over three months the preliminary arrangements 
were advanced sufficiently to enable the w^orkmen to begin 
upon the construction of the dam. The first excavations on 
this structure were made near the north shore, August 1. and 
the first stone was laid September 19, this being one of the 
headers of the front course near the centre of the river. This 
structure is probably one of the strongest and most substantial 
in this or any other country. It is of granite, 1629 feet in 
length, 35 feet thick at the base and 12 1-2 at the top, backed 
by gravel to within a few feet of the surface. It is built upon, 
or more properly, bedded into the solid metamorphic rock 
forming the bed of the river, and is in some places 40 1-2 feet 
high. The overflow of water is 900 feet wide, and the fall is 
26 feet. The granite blocks of which the dam is built were 
hammered on the bed and build and laid in hydraulic cement. 
The cost of the dam was ,f;250,000. The canal upon the north 
side of the river is something over a mile in length, 100 feet 
wide at the upper, and 60 feet wide at the lower end, and 12 
feet deep. Including the locks at the lower end, the canal 
cost $200,000. Its course is parallel with the river, from 
which it is 400 feet distant. The mills are located upon this 
belt of land thus isolated by the canal. 

The Merrimac affords, on an average, at this place, about 
5000 cubic feet of water a second, but the amount sometimes 
reaches 60,000. The power thus obtained is estimated at 
150 mill power. A mill power is calculated to absorb 
30 cubic feet of water a second, with a head and fall of 25 



18 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



D. N. & C. M. MAETIN, 




DEALERS EST 



Cooking & Heating Stoves, 

FURNACES AND RANG-ES, 

of the most approved modern patterns. 

Plain, Japanned and Planished Tin Ware, Toilet Sets, 

FINE SILVER PLATED WARE, TABLE CUTLERY, LAMPS, 

Glass Ware, Wooden, Iron, Enamelled, Tinned and French Wares. 

A complete line of 

Kitchen Furnishing Groods^ 

AT LOWEST CASH PRICES. 

Tin, Sheet Iron and Copper Work, 

in all their branches, executed in the best manner, by experienced workmen. 

D. isr. & o. m:. ]m:a.iitin, 

7 Atkinson Bloch^ £Sssex St. 

(See page 16.) 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



19 



feet. This gives a force which is estimated to equal from 60 
to 70 horse power — a horse power being defined by Watt at 
32,000 pounds avoirdupois lifted to the height of one foot in 
a minute. 

The lessons yearly impressing themselves upon the mind 
by the reserve of the power at Newfound, Squam and Win- 
nipisawke lakes may sometime be so convincing that the mill 
owners upon the Merrimac and its tributaries will be induced 
to avail themselves of the vast power now annually running 
to waste, by the erection of dams upon the more insignificant 
sources of supply, and from which all our floods are derived. 
The river drains a vast extent of country, the lake surface 
alone being equal to about 350 square miles, something like 
half of which is already held in reserve for dry weather by 
adequate dams. The smaller lakes are the most important 
reservoirs, as their banks are more abrupt than the larger, and 
may be raised much higher at trifling cost in comparison to 
the quantity of power reserved. These are yet to be secured, 
and when this is done in a proper manner the supply of water 
will be rendered not only continuous, but will flow in vastly 
increased volume an(!t power. Every additional dam upon the 
main river or any of its tributaries, however small, will prove 
an aid in this direction. That the time will come when the 
minimum of water will be increased at Lawrence to 8000 if 
not 10,000 cubic feet per second, and the maximum be reduced 
to 30,000 or, at most, 40,000 feet a second, there is as little 
room to doubt as there is to doubt that eventually every avail- 
able power upon these streams will be harnessed to the car of 
manufacturing industry. The power of the Merrimac and its 
tributaries is not at the present time taxed with one-third the 
labor it is capable of performing. The Essex Company dis- 
pose of the water power to manufacturers upon such terms as 
are deemed prudent between the parties. At the outset, as 
for instance, when the Atlantic Mills Corporation made their 
purchase, the price agreed upon for a mill power was $14,333, 
of which sum $9333 was paid in cash, the balance of $5000 
remaining perpetually at 6 per cent, interest, payable annually 



20 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



H. M. ^VSTHIT^EY 




mmeccL'i 



7 



(ESTABLISHED IN 1849,) 

UNDER BAY STATE NATIONAL RANK, 
CORNER OF LAWRENCE AND ESSEX STREETS, 

DEALER IN 

RELIABLE FAMILY MEDICINES, 



POPULAR PROPRIETARY REMEDIES, 

TOILET AND FANCY ARTICLES, 

Trusses, Supporters, Braces, ^c. 



MANUFACTURER OF 

WHITNEY'S PULMONARY BALSAM, 

FOR COUGHS, COLDS, &c. 

"W hitney's Tonic Bittei's, 

A valuable and agreeable Appetizer and Invigorator. 

ALSO, 

Sole Agent for the Celebrated Eugenie French Wash, 

FOR 

REMOVING MOTHS, PIMPLES, TAN, &c. 



t^S" As in the past, special attention will be given to quality of Goods and Phy- 
sicians' Prescriptions. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 21 

in silver or its equivalent. The Atlantic Company bought 
twenty mill powers, and consequently pay an annual rent of 
I56OOO. We are not aware that any variation from this price 
has been made by the Essex Company, until recently, the 
price per mill power has been somewhat increased. "Each 
" mill power is declared to be the right to draw from the near- 
" e st canal or water course of the grantors so much water as 
"shall give a power equal to thirty cubic feet of water per 
"second, when the head and fall is twenty-five feet; and no 
"more is to be drawn in any one second, nor is the same to 
"be drawn more than sixteen hours in each day of twenty- 
" four hours ; and in order to prevent disputes as to the power 
" of each mill privilege in the variations of the height of water 
" from changes of the season or other causes, it is understood 
" and declared that the quantity of water shall be varied in pro- 
" portion to the variation of the height, one foot being alloAved 
"and deducted from the height of the actual head and fall, 
"and also from that with which it is compared before comput- 
" ing the proportion between them : thus on a head and fall 
"of thirty feet the quantity of water to be used would be 
" twenty-four cubic -feet, and 24-29ths of a cubic foot per 
" second." 

Something like three-quarters of the power originally owned 
by the Essex Company has thus far been disposed of to the 
various corporations and individual enterprises already in ope- 
ration or in the course of construction. The future will in- 
crease this power considerably ; but the present generation 
need borrow largely on the hope of such a consummation during 
their time. 

At the time the Essex Company commenced operations here 
the entire population of the territory now comprised Avithin 
the limits of Lawrence was probably not over 200. But pop- 
ulation rapidly folloAved enterprise. The boarding kouso on 
the Turnpike, next north of the store of Mr. E. W. Pierce, 
was the first dwelling erected here. The frame was raised 
September 12, 1845, and on the 4th of the succeeding De- 
cember the finished house was occupied by Mr.' Timothy Os- 



22 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



ESTABLISHED IN 1©55. 

LEWIS STRATTON, 

122 Sssex Street^ Lainrrence^ 

DEALER IN 

SCHOOL A^D MISCELLANEOUS 






f 

IN EVERY DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE. 

Depository of the Bifcle and Tract Society. 

We have the best assortment of BIBLES in town. PRAYER BOOKS of all 
kinds and styles. 

Account Books & Stationery. 

A large stock of BLANK BOOKS of my own make constantly on hand. Also, Blank 
Books of any pattern made to order, in the best manner. 

STATIONERY OF ALL KINDS, 

Paper and Envelopes, Pens, Ink, Pencils, Pen Holders, Rubber, Deeds, Leases, Assign- 
ments, Notes, Receipts, &c. 

pocket kntves, bazoks and "wallets, &c., &c. 
Sole Agent in Lawrence for Morton's Gold Pens, 

the best in the world. 

A CIRCULATING LIBRARY 

OF POPULAR books. 

Magazines & 'Weekly Papers^ 

for sale singly and subscriptions received at the lowest rates. 

BOOK BINDING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. 

PICTURE FRAltES on hand and made to order. 



HISTORY OP LAWRENCE. 23 



good, who not unfrequently lodged all the way from 100 to 
200 people beneath its roof. The rush was so immense that 
no one thought of complaining of the lack of accommodations 
if he was fortunate enough to gain admittance inside a dwell- 
ing. For tAVO years the rush for houses continued almost un- 
abated. As late as October, 1846, the writer traversed the 
place in every direction for a tenement. All that were finished 
were full, and all that had been commenced were found to be 
engaged. He then went to Methuen with like success. Re- 
turning to the "new city" he saw Mr. Rufus Brown, who 
owns the block at the westerly corner of Essex and Newbury 
streets, with four stakes under his arm and an axe in his hand. 
In answer to the inquiry as to what he was intending to do, 
he said that he was about to "stake out a dwelling house," 
which would be finished in two or three weeks — that he had 
already let one tenement, and if we wanted the other we must 
speak quick. Fatigued with vain house hunting, we told him 
Ave would take the other tenement. And it was the same with 
ofiices. Every finished room was occupied and every unfinish- 
ed one was engaged. The only spot into which we could move 
our printing materials was an attic in the building now standing 
at the corner of Valley and Turnpike streets, and even this 
we were compelled to engage before it was raised, and actually 
moved into it before the walls were plastered or the floors laid. 
This room, while in process of finishing, was at once the work 
shop of carpenters, masons and printers, and, for a month or 
more, the sleeping apartment of editor, printers and boys. 
Some of the laborers in the employ of the Essex Company 
walked nearly three miles every morning and night for months. 
The legislature of 1846 granted charters for the Bay State 
Mills, the Atlantic Cotton Mills, the Union Mills and the 
Bleaching and Dying Company, with an aggregate capital 
of .$4,500,000. This was certainly a most formidable dis- 
play of corporations and capital ; but the Union Mills and 
the Bleachery were never built, and even the Atlantic Cotton 
Mills subsequently concluded to expend a million and a half 
instead of two millions of dollars, and the central mill site 



24 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 




Imiffiatioa 



AND 



ID 

123 ESSEX ST., 



xchange Office, 

- - LAWRET^CE, MASS. 



Persons wishing to purchase Passage Tickets to or from 



can SAVE MONEY by obtaining them of the undersigned, the 

Only Authorized Agent for Lawrence for the Splendid 
Mail Steamers of the Inman Line, 

and all the Safest and Best Lines of Steamships and I'ackets. We have just completed 
arrangements with the Railroad Companies which gives us facilities not equalled by 
any other Agent in New England for booking passengers to any part of the United 
States. By this arrangement we are enabled to bring passengers from Liverpool, Lon- 
don, Glasgow, Dublin, Belfast, Derry, Antwerp, Bremen, or Havre to 

Lawrence, Andover, Ballard Vale, Haverhill, Georgetown, Exeter, 

or any town or city in the United States. We give through Railroad Tickets to all per- 
sons purchasing Passage Certificates of us, thus guarding the emigrant against manj' 
annoyances which they would be subject to. 

Agent tor the JilAIL AKD OPPOSITION LINES to California. 

4cg» Recollect that we do our business direct with the Companies, and uot through 
other Agents, therefore we can aflford and will sell Tickets as low as they can be pur- 
chased anywhere. 

# BILLS OJP EXICH^^IVG^E ^ 

for any amount, from £1 upwards, always on hand and fbr sale at lower rates than 
they can be purchased elsewhere. 

^g- The highest cash price paid for English and American Gold and Silver, Bank of 
England, Bank of Ireland, and Rank of Scotland Notes. 

Mg' We also furnish Railroad Tickets from Lawrence to all parts of the West and 
South-west. 

PATRICK MURPHY, 

Sentinel Office, 123 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 25 

next west of Avliat is now the Washington Mills reverted to 
the Essex Company. This most desirable property has since 
gone into the hands of the Pacific Mills Corporation, and their 
beautiful worsted mill stands upon a portion of it. 

The Washington Mills were laid out on the 11th of April, 
1846, and on the 9th of June following work was commenced 
on the Atlantic Cotton. Mills. On the 25ih of June the frame 
of the Essex Company's saw mill was raised. On the 10th 
of July following work was begun on the Essex Company's 
foundry. On the 12th of August the first brick block in the 
city was commenced. This block is now known as boarding 
house No. 1, on the Atlantic Corporation. It was finished 
and occupied on the 4th of January, 1847. The race-way to 
the Essex Company's machine shop (now the Everett Mills) 
was commenced November 13. 

These little details are inserted that the reader may have 
some faint idea of the homogeneous appearance of the place at 
that time. Beginning at the gneiss ledge, the stone from 
which composes the river wall and mill foundations, situated 
nearly two miles south — or at North Andover, three miles 
east, then the depository of bricks and lumber by railway — 
or at Pelham, some eight miles west, from whence came the 
granite for the dam, there was an almost endless string of slow 
plodding teams loaded to the utmost of their powers, all cen- 
tering from the dam to Spicket river to deposit their loads. 
But here was not the only signs of activity. All over the 
city buildings were rising with most astonishing celerity. For 
twelve hours a day the heavy teams, here removing hills, there 
filling valleys, or loaded with building materials, plodded 
heavily through the sufibcating dust of dry weather, or the 
almost bottomless mud of the rainy season. For months to- 
gether the railway company delivered from 100,000 to 200,- 
000 bricks per day at North Andover, all destined for this 
place. We had no idle men, no idle teams. Every one was 
employed. Masons, carpenters, stone cutters, laborers were 
all doing their utmost. The ever vigilant engineer and con- 
tractor, watching the progress and attending to details, were 



26 . ADVERTISEMENTS. 



DEXTER & GARDINER, 

No. 16 Armington Block, Essex St., 
LA.AV^RE]N^OE, 1VIA.SS. 

DEALERS IN 

CARPETS, OIL CLOTHS, 

ALSO, 



nir ^ =^ .^^ J 



HPIP . H an wi 
WwM, JJLmJIILSJL 
E a 



. _ _ _ __ _ jyiL mm. O 



AN^D 



NDOW SHADES, 

EISTA-MELLED CLOTHS 

OP ALL KINDS. 

Mats, Picture Frames, Cords, Tassels, 

AND 

Chipman's Carpet Lining, 

which is a great saving to Carpets, 

ORDERS FOR PAPERIWC ROOMS RECEIVED, 

and executed promptly and faithfully. 



NO. 16 ARMINGTON BLOCK, ESSEX STREET. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 27 

scattered along the line of works, adding, if possible, addition- 
al vigor and directness to blows of hammers, or strokes of 
trowels, or thrusts of spades. In all the region where the 
citj now stands there was no spot where one could escape the 
din and dust of busj, bustling industry. 

On the 7th of September, 1846, a post-office was opened in 
a little building on the Turnpike, formerly a shoe shop. It 
Avas about 15 by 15. and one story high. It stood on the 
next lot north of where the store of ]\Ir. Hugh Rafferty is now 
located. The coming of this important adjunct of a busy com- 
munity took many by surprise. The idea of establishing a 
post-office here originated with Mr. George A. Waldo, of Me.- 
thuen, whose son, George Albert Waldo, was made the post- 
master. The business at the seat of government was perform- 
ed by the personal efforts of Mr. Samuel J. Varney, of Lowell, 
and at his suggestion the office took the name of Merrimac. 
Previous to this event, from the commencement of operations 
here, the place was known by numerous names, such as "New 
City," "Essex," "Andover Bridge," &c. The name thus 
given officially to the place was continued until the town of 
Lawrence was set off from Methuen and Andover by legisla- 
tive enactment in the winter of 1847. This separation was 
opposed by residents and authorities of both Andover and Me- 
thuen; not, perhaps, with the idea that it could be long post- 
poned, but more upon the plea that it was then altogether 
unnecessary and premature. Immediately after the project of 
severing the "new city" from the territory of Andover and 
Methuen was proposed, letter writers in distant papers began to 
suggest that the toAvn should take the name of Lawrence, 
"as a compliment to Hon. Abbott Lawrence, who had done 
so much for Massachusetts and this place in particular." On 
the loth of January, 1847, a meeting of a considerable number 
of residents took place at the office of the Essex Company, 
Avith a view to an understanding in regard to the name of the 
new town, to be embodied in a petition to the legislature for a 
charter. At the suggestion of Mr. Storrow, the name of 
Lawrence Avas agreed upon, not, as the newspaper Avriters 



28 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



C.'Gr. SJ^'RGr TINT'S 




FOR 

Cles^nmg Pibrous Materials^ 

PATE]SrTED DECEMBER 3, 1861. 

With 'each Mnchine is furnished a counter shaft and all necessary pullies. The driv- 
ini? pullies are 14 in. diameter, 6 in. face and require a speed of 400 revolutions per 
minute. Parties ordering should provide a pulley on their main shaft 12 in. face, and 
of sufficient size to give the counter shaft 400 revolutions per minute. The machine 
weighs frem 3000 to 4000 lbs., and is built in the most thorough and workmanlike man- 
ner. All orders promptly attended to. 

CHARLES G. SARGENT, 

Manufacturer of Cotton and "Woolen Macliinery, 

GRANITEVILLE, MASS., near Lowell, on Stony Brook R. R. 

(see also pages 80, 32, -34, 36, 38 and 40.) 



HISTORY OF LAWREXCE. 29 

had proposed, as a compliment distinctively to Mr. Abbott 
Lawrence, but as a token of respect to a family among the 
most liberal and distinguished in the country. There were 
then living three members of this family : Amos, Abbott and 
Samuel. Of these, Abbott and Samuel were among the most 
energetic business men of New England, and both more ac- 
tively engaged in the enterprises here than any others not 
residents among us. In point of investment, the family un- 
doubtedly then had as great an interest in the new town as, 
we might almost say, all others combined. There was, there- 
fore a good if not a sufficient reason why the future city should 
be christened as it was. That some among us would have 
preferred that the new town should retain the name applied to 
it by the post-office department, there is no reason to doubt, 
but most of these being in favor of a town organization, very 
readily acquiesced in the change rather than hazard the 
chances of obtaining a charter by creating a division in regard 
to a name. For that time they cheerfully admitted that 
" there is nothing in a name." That it was not the intention 
to distinguish one over another member of the Lawrence fam- 
ily in the name of the city, we may refer to the distinct im- 
pression: " S. Lawrence, A. Lawrence," upon a brick in the 
south-east corner of our City Hall. We leave the reader to 
define the question whether Amos or Abbott, or both, were 
intended to be complimented in the impression: "A. Law- 
rence." There is no question that Samuel, who was then agent 
of the Bay State Corporation, as well as of the Middlesex 
Mills in Lowell, was included in the compliment. 

On the 28th of April, 1846, the Essex Company sold at 
auction a considerable quantity of land located in various parts 
of the city. In the view of many persons, and unfortunately 
some of them men of influence, the prices paid for these lots 
were exorbitant, and they began to predict that as a conse- 
quence the new town would be irretrievably ruined. Nearly 
twenty-two years have since rolled away, and time, which 
proves all things, has demonstrated the fact that in but ex- 
ceptional instances, these sales were below, rather than above. 



30 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



To lUooIen M!aiiufactiii?©i?s.H 



Gentlemen : 

Allow me to call your attention to a new INIaeliine for 
Bui-rinf; Wool, and for cleaning all fibrous materials from dust, burrs, 
and all loose foreign matter. 

Tins Machine differs from any other heretofore offered to niariufactur- 
crs, in many important particulars, among which are the following, viz : 

The stock in process of cleaning passes through four distinct sub- 
divisions, and each portion falls Into a separate receptacle, unmixed with 
any other. 

The light dust or other light matter is drawn throvgh the Fan, while 
the heavy dirt and scurf are droi)i)ed into another place. Burrs, stra^v', 
sticks, etc., are thrown off from the Burr Cylinder into a third distinct 
and separate receptacle ; while the clean and thoroughly opened wool 
is delivered forward, as usual, in the oj)en room prepai'ed for it, ready 
for its next process. 

By means of these sub-divisions, in a simple, mechanical manner, the 
IMachine is enabled to perform the Avork more perfectly, and without 
loss of fibre, as is usually the case. 

From the mechanical arrangement of the parts, the hwrs, when once 
separated from the wool, are passed at once out of the nmchine into 
a separate dep>artment from the fibre. 

There is no fibre of any value lost under the machine, the foreign 
matter escaping under the Fickuu/ Cylinder being free from fil)re and 
only fit for the waste heap. In all other machines for Burring A\'ool and 
for cleaning fibrous materials, the burrs and other substances when knock- 
ed or beat out from the wools at the Burr Cylinder, are thrown back into 
the uiachine, — mixed with the ap})roaching wool — attempt to pass the 
Burring cylinder, and are repeatedly knocked back again. This repeat- 
ed process goes on indefinitely, — the burr being tumbled forward and 
backward, until by Its own weight. It finds an outlet through the rack 
or (/rating beneath. 

A serious difliculty, however, often occurs from this repeated tossing 
of the Burr. The burr being merely a compact coil of vegetable fibre, 
s|)!rally wound, Is In consequence opened, and In this form 2)asses throni/h 
the Burring apparatus among the free wool already in the machine, and 
attaches itself inseparably with some of the fibres, where it is at last 
found in the finished cloth, with great annoyance and loss to the manu- 
facturer. 

Tills defect, pertaining to other machines, Is wholly overcome by the 
new machine herewith brought to your notice. The burrs being but 
once operated upon, the result is sure and final. 

I am also enabled by this ma.'hine to overcome another serious defect 
incident to all other Burr Picking Machines. Formerly the racks or 
yra-tes under the picking cylinders were, of necessity, very open, — being 
made with sufHcIent space to allow the burr to esca})e. Of course? this 
opening would also allow a large dropping of the wool in process of 
working, which wool, by being freely mixed with burrs and other 
foreign matter, becomes comparatively worthless. My present Machine 
{Continnetl on Page 32.) 

[see also tages 28, 82, 3i, oG, 38 .vnd 40.] 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 31 

the real value of the lots at the time of their sale. To illus-* 
trate this position -wo will take some of the most eligible lots, 
as follows : — On the north side of Essex street, between Jack- 
son and Newburj streets, eighteen lots were sold at prices 
ranging from 27 1-2 to 70 cents per foot. The highest price 
paid was for the lot at the corner of Jackson street, where the 
store of Mr. Smith is located. The next highest price, 58 
cents, was paid for the lot at the corner of Newbury street. 
These lots were immediately covered with buildings, have never 
ceased to command good occupants at high rents, and woukl 
probably, to-day, if divested of their buildings and offered at 
auction, command at least ^2 per square foot. The interme- 
diate lots would be worth, under the same circumstances, on 
an average at least three times the amount at which they were 
sold. So much for the business portion of the city. Now let 
us see how the lots ranged in another section. • "We will take 
that section between Lawrence and White streets, on the north 
side of Haverhill street, for illustration. Here eleven lots 
were sold at prices ranging from 9 to 13 1-2 cents per foot. 
To-day, divested of buildings, the lots embraced in this sec- 
tion, beyond any reasonable doubt, if offered at auction, would 
command, on an average, from 70 to 90 cents a square foot. 
In this connection, the writer well remembers havino- been of- 
fered a house and very eligible lot in this section at what 
seemed to him a remarkably low price, very soon after the 
first organization of the town. Seeking the advice of a friend, 
now gone from among us, in regard to the purchase, we with 
sadness received the intimation that we were permitting our 
enthusiasm to run away with our better judgment, and that, in 
his opinion, the property was not worth the price demanded ; 
and well do we remember, too, our reply, that if the property 
was not worth double the price at which it was offered, the 
town of Lawrence was destined, within ten years, to go, irre- 
coverably and forever, to utter desolation. jNLany years have 
since passed away. The enthusiasm which then was thought 
to have taken control of our judgment has had ample time to 
cool, and the results of the proposed purchase- can now be 



32 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



iCont'mued feom Page 30.) 
obviates this completely, by the process of throwing out, at once, the 
burr into its separate receptacle as before described. No bun'S being 
under the cylinder, I can keep the racks very tine, leaving only space 
enough to allow the heavy dirt and filth to pass through, while the free 
and cleaned wool passes directly out at its proper outlet. 

The importance of these improvements will, I am sure, be readily 
api)reciated by manufacturers. By removing all lime dust, loose dye- 
stuir, bits of straw or hay, and leaf, the machine is rendered peculiai-ly 
reliable for manufacturers ' of Hosiery or Knitting Yarns. A large 
saving of waste will be readily made by -having the yarns free from the 
imperfections caused by such foreign matter. A larger product will also 
be obtained from the Knitting Machines, and of a more perfect 
character. 

Mestizo Wools are very successfully worked through this machine. 

Wool ivithout burrs is more effectuaWj picked by this machine than by 
any other. The process being a more gradual combing of the fibres, 
the length and strength is preserved, and the opening so perfect as to 
make no other picking necessary. Where desired, a lap cylinder is at- 
tached, which delivers the wool in an even web or sheet, instead of 
blowing into a gauze room. 

Two sizes of this Machine are at present manufactured — 24 and 36 
inches wide, occupying on the floor a space of — for the 24 inch Ma- 
chine, about 8| X 8 feet. For the 36 inch Machine, about 4^ x 9 feet. 

The 36 inch Machine will pick and burr from 2000 to 4500 lbs. per 
day. The 24 inch Machine will pick and burr from 1200 to 2500 lbs, 
per day, varying with the class of wool used. 

REFERENCES. 
JOHN GARDNER, ESQ., Treasurer Salisbury Mills, Boston, Mass. 
GEORGE G. BISHOP, ESQ., Agent Union Co., Norwalk, Conn. 
T. BARROWS, ESQ., Agent Maverick Woolen Co., Dedham, Mass. 
JOSEPH CHASE, ESQ., Lowell, Mass. 
N. V. WHITEHOUSE, Gonic, N. H. 
O. M. STILLMAN & CO., Westerly, R. I. 

SAN FRANCISCO PIONEER WOOLEN MILL, San Francisco, Cal. 
A. J. CAMERON, New Yoric. 
O. H. PERRY, Lowell, Mass. 
H. N. BIGELOW, Clinton, Mass. 
E. HEY & BROTHERS, Philadelphl\, Pa. 
JOHN M. MITCHELL & CO., Phil^idelpiiia, Pa. 



MANUFACTURED BY 



OH^S. Gr. SA.RaEISrT, 

GHANITEVILLE, 3IASS. 
[see also pages 28, 30, 34, 36, 38 and 40) 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



prettj accurately summed up about as follows: — We could 
have paid even more than the price asked for the property, 
kept the house tenantless, permitting it to rot down or burn 
up, permitted the ground to grow up to briars and brambles, 
paid all the taxes, and still have made more than an ordinarily 
fliir investment of our money. The house to which we allude 
is now owned and occupied by Dr. Stowe. 

On the 6th of December, 1855, the Essex Company again 
oiFered at auction a large amount of land, comprising over six 
hundred lots, located in almost every part of the city. To 
men of means, reflective forecast and courage, this was un- 
doubtedly the best opportunity ever offered in Massachusetts 
for making a fortune. A considerable amount of the purchase 
money was made payable in Essex Company's stock at par, 
by which the purchaser had it in his power to save from 25 to 
30 per cent., as this stock was below par and still declinino-. 
This was a mighty temptation for people to bid high ; but the 
lots, as a general rule, were sold very low. If none but men 
prudent enough to comprehend the situation here and else- 
where had purchased, it would have been a good operation for 
all concerned. But that very class who had invested in 
Essex stock, a land and water company, needing at least a 
quarter of a century to develope it, and were thrusting it 
prematurely upon the market, rushed headlong to the sale 
w^ith a view to buy and immediately sell again in a market 
where land was not very likely to be in demand again for several 
years. This class of purchasers never reflect upon the fact that 
sales in public are mainly instituted to make amends for lack 
of sales in private. They purchased to the extent of their 
means and immediately posted placards upon their lots, offer- 
ing them for sale. The more careful and prudent bought for 
future years, and have or will realize handsomely by the 
operation, while the timid and impatient have disposed of 
theirs in many cases at great reductions from cost and expenses. 
The heavy disasters almost immediately succeeding this sale, 
by which the business not only of this city but the whole 
country was long paralyzed, aided materially in giving this 



34 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Metallic Waste Card. 




For Yarn and Thread Waste. 



SOFT FL^ISTNEL. 

These machines are in principle a carding machine, but made -with strong, sharp steel 
teeth. The main cylinder is 14 inches in diameter, workers and dofFer same as an 
ordinary card. The stock is doflfed from the doffer in a sheet same as an ordinary card 
machine. This machine preserves the staple of the stock, making it nearly as good as 
the original wool. 

4®- For particulars, or machines, apply to the subscriber. Manufacturer of WOOL 
WASHING MACHINES, COLD AIR WOOL DRYERS, BURR PICKERS, &c, 

CHARLES G.SARGENT, 

G-raniteville^ lYEass. 

ON STONY BROOK RAILROAD, NEAR LOWELL. 

[see also pages 28, 30, 32, 36, 38 and 40.] 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 35 

sale the appearance of an additional misfortune to the city. 
For a time, a stranger would infer from the placards that the 
citj was all for sale. But these gradually wore away, until 
now it is seldom one meets a sign indicating that either a lot 
or building is " for sale, or to be let." It is proper here to 
remark that in no citj of this or any other state with which we 
are acquainted, where the business is as diversified and extend- 
ed as it is here, are eligible lots for either dwellings, stores or 
work-shops by any means as cheap as they are in Lawrence. 

In 1846, and early in 1847, there was a very large ac- 
cession to the permanent population of the place. Mechanics, 
merchants, physicians, and lawyers began to center here, and 
order commenced rising out of chaos. In April, 1846, the 
first sermon was preached, at boarding-house No. 1. (which 
stood where the store of Mr. E. W. Pierce now stands,) by a 
minister of the Free-Will Baptist order. This meeting was 
followed in June by a Methodist sermon, at boarding-house 
No. 5. In August, by the Congregationalists, who adopted 
means for the erection of a vestry. In October, by services in 
the Episcopal chapel, which was the first place of worship 
erected in the place. In 1847, the Universalists, the Catho- 
lics, the Baptists, and the Unitarians formed societies, and all 
of those found spacious rooms or erected temporary chapels, 
in which Divine services were thereafter regularly held. 
Since that day, the Congregational order has erected three 
substantial churches on the north side, aud a spacious vestry 
upon the south side of the river. The Methodists, the 
Baptists, the Episcopalians, and the Catholics have each 
erected two commodious churches. The Unitarians, the Uni- 
versalists, the Second Adventists, and the Presbyterians have 
each one church. In a perusal of the familiar names of twenty 
years ago, one cannot avoid being afiected by the great in- 
roads which time has made upon the ranks of the Pioneers. Of 
twelve physicians practicing here in January, 1847, but one 
(Dr. Wm. D. Lamb,) now remains as a permanent resident, 
though Dr. A. D. Blanchard continues to make us occasional 
visits, his family still remaining in the city. Of about the 



36 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



C LD- AIR 

Wool Drying Machine 




In calling the attention of Woolen Manufacturers to this improved Machine, I will 
but name a few facts. In most machines for this purpose the air is used over and over; 
in fact nearly the same air Is used to finish the drying that was used at its commence- 
ment. In this machine the air is only used once. After it passes once through the 
wool it is passed out and away from the machine. The idea is to always have a large 
amount of dry air pass through the wool. The more air (if di-y) passed through the 
wool the quicker it dries. By this means, the enamel of the wool fibre does not be- 
come bone dry, but is soft and pliable. When wool is over dried, or dried by high 
heat, this enamel of the fibre is destroyed, and goods manufactured from wools so dried 
can never have the brilliant face and finish, because this enamel is broken or cracked, 
and its brilliancy destroyed. Some of our best manufacturers say they can select the 
goods manufactured from wools dried by these machines from goods manufactured 
from wools dried by other methods, by the soft and pliable feeling of the goods. 

These machines are also recommended by all the Insurance Companies. There is no 
possible danger of fire from them in any way. The fan is completely cased in a strong 
Cast Iron casing, runs very light, a '2i inch belt being sufficient to drive it. The fan was 
patented by the subscriber July 4th, 1865. It is constructed so as to exhaust a large 
amount of air at a slow velocity, and use but little power. These advantages are very 
apparent in this fan. 

Ordinary size of machine is 9 x 15 feet, will hold about 300 lbs. of wool at once. 
Canada Wools suitable for worsted will require an hour to dry one batch; fine wools 
like Cape and Mestizo wools, which lay close when wet, will of course require a longer 
time. Of the latter kinds of wool, 1,600 lbs. per day is a fair day's work. 

The Machine is placed on the fioor and levelled up and made air-tight all around the 
bottom. The fan is then placed up to the end of the machine, and firmly fastened to 
the floor. The connection between the fan and dryer is then made air-tight by cement- 
ing the joint. . The pulleys on the fan are 8 inches diameter, 2 1-2 inches face, and re- 
quire a speed of seven hundred turns per minute. 

The operation of the machine is as follows : The wool or other material to be dried, 
is placed on the wire netting, all of the surface completely covered, (say 300 lbs. of 
wool.) The fan being an exhaust fan forms a vacuum in the body or frame of machine 
under the wool and wire screen. The air surrounding the machine in the room 
rushes down through the wool to fill the vacuum formed by the fan, and in its passage 
absorbs the moisture from the wool. The room in which the dryer is located, must bQ 
arranged with some means for heating by steam pipes around the walls, or otherwise. 
In wet weather, some artificial means must be employed to furnish dry air for the 
machine. 

The Machines are built by the subscriber at Graniteville, Mass., on Stony Brook R. 
R., near Lowell, Mass. For particulars apply to 

Graniteville, Mass. 

{For Testimonials see Pages 38 and 40. See also Pages 28, 30, 32, 44, 38 and 40-) 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



37 



same number of clergymen, but one, the Rev. Mr. Packard 
of Grace Church, is still here. We had then nine lawyers 
and of those four remain, namely: David Saunders, Jr., 
Perley S. Chase, Ivan Stevens, and Thomas A. Parsons. 
Of one hundred and forty-seven names then connected with 
the active business of the place, only twenty-five remain in the 
city. Some of the remaining individuals have kept on in the 
same vocations in which they were engaged twenty years ago, 
while others have changed to other employments. Of the 
122 missing links in this chain, some of the best amongst us 
have been gathered into their eternal home upon' the Avestern 
hill-side, while others, too eager to be rich, or too anxious for 
distinction, and unwilling to wait for fortune's or the public's 
favors to be bestowed upon them here, have moved along to 
new locations, which may apparently have offered them earlier, 
if not higher rewards in the highway of life. 

Were it not that we once became disgusted with the almost 
unending din of a country politician, about his having been 
the first child ever in the town, brought thither for many 
weary miles on horseback by the way of spotted trees, in a 
silk handkerchief, and therefore that his opinions ought to 
have greater weight than other peoples'. Were it not for this, 
Ave should be very much inclined to go back and tell all about 
the men who first laid a brick, drove a shoe peg, or swallowed 
an oyster in this city. But Ave remember that that baby of 
the silken tie was only a man of very ordinary ability and 
great self-conceit, and that through him we were most 
thoroughly convinced that the fortune of being the " first 
upon the docket," is not to be taken as prima facia evidence 
of merited distinction over subsequent travellers upon the 
same ground. Still there is one of these first comers to Avhom 
a brief notice seems to be due. Very early in the spring of 
1846, Mr. Amos D. Pillsbury came here to purchase a lot 
upon which to build a shoe shop. At that time there was no 
land for sale, none to be let, and none devoted to squatter 
sovereignty. Here then, was a dilemma. No land, no shoe 
shop — no shoe shop, no money began to run ceaselessly through 



38 • ADVERTISEMENTS. 



TESTIMONIALS. 

We, the undersigned, have in use C. G. Sargent's Cold air Wool-Dryer, for drying 
Wool and other fibrous materials, and find it preferable to all other modes of drying. 
The wool is left soft, and in such condition as to pass through all the processes of 
manufacture with less waste and retain its original nature much better than when 
dried by a high heat, enabling us to put a better finish on our goods. No fire can 
originate from it, as no steam or other hot pipes are connected with it. The fan is 
con'structed to handle a Farge amount of air with but little power : a 2 1-2 inch belt 
drives the machine with ease. We believe it to be the only safe and judicious mode of 
drying wools, and recommend its use to all Woolen Manufacturers. 
EDWARD HARRIS, Woonsocket, R. I. 
GEORCtE G. bishop, Norwalk, Conn. 
A. H. CHASE, Lowell, Mass. 

EDWARD BARROWS, Agent Merrimack Woolen Co., Lowell. 
BL.AOKIXGTON & PHILLIPS, Grove Mills, S. Adams, Mass. 
JOHN WRIGHT, Agent Suftblk Manufacturing Co., Lowell. 
(HIARLES F. BATTLES, Agent Treniont Mills, Lowell. 
JOHN P. PERRY, Agent Everett Mills, Lawrence, Mass. 
JOSKPH I'. BATTLES, Agent Atlantic Mills, Lawrence, Mass. 
JAMK8 R. FAULKNER, North Billerica, Mass. 
WILLIAM HUDSON, Providence, R. I. 
LOUNSBURY, BISSELL & CO.. Winniepauk, Conn. 
CRANE & WATERS, Millbury, Mass. 

HENRY N. BIGELOW, Agent Bigelow Carpet Co., Clinton, Mass 
S. L. HODGES, Worcester, Mass. 

C. GLEASON, Agent Mystic Woolen Co., Mystic Bridge. Conn. 
W. F. & F. C. SAYLES, Pawtucket, R. I. 
STAR MILLS CO., Middleboro', Mass. 
RICHARD RHODE, Lowell, Mass. 
J. D. STURTEVANT, Boston, Mass. 

ALLAN CAMERON, Agent Abbot Worsted Company, Graniteville, Mass. 
Mr. C. G. Sargent : Lowell, August 22, 1S65. 

Dear Sir, — In regard to your inquiry relative to the Cold-Air Wool 
Dryer we purchased some 18 months since, I would say the machine gives entire satis- 
faction. It leaves the wool in much softer condition than if dried at a high tempera- 
ture : it is an economical method of drying and a good one ; and not to mention its 
heing a safe method would be omitting a good deal, as an item of Insurance, since tlie 
first class ofllces now class the Dryers with pipes under them as full as bad as wool 
Pickers and subject to the same rates of insurance. We consider it a great improve- 
ment, and can recommend it to all woolen manufacturers. 

Yours truly, L. W. FAULKNER & SON. 

C. G. Sargent :— Lowell, August, 1866. 

Dear Sir, — The Hamilton Company have had one of your Cold Air Wool- 
Dryers in constant operation for the past two years. It gives perfect satisfaction. We 
dry on the machine from two to three thousand pounds of Worsted Wool per day. 
The wool is left soft and pliable and in excellent condition for working. The Machine 
is perfectly safe from originating fire, as there is no Steam or other heated pipes con- 
nected with it. It takes but little power— a 2i inch belt drives the machine with ease. 

O. H. MOULTON, Sup't. 

CiiAS. G.Sargent, Esq. Lowell, Mass., June 23, 1866. 

Dear Sir, — I have examined with much satisfaction your " Cold- 
Air Wool Dryer," and believe it to possess all the merits you claim for it, and that it 
must entirely supersede the use of the "Steam Dryer" which is now so generally 
regarded by underwriters as dangerous and uninsurable. So far as I know your dryer 
is regarded by Insurance Companies as safe, and free from the hazards connected with 
other dryers, and I doubt not you will be able to bring it into general use. 
Yours very truly, 

GEORGE RIPLEY, LOCAL Agent 
^tna, Hartford, Phoanix, International, and other Insurance Companies. 

Lippitt Woolen Co., Woonsocket, R. I., August 24, 1866. 
C. G. Sargent, Esq., Graniteville, Mass. 

Dear Sir— Your favor of 20th instant is at hand, and will say 
in reply, we have used two of your Cold- Air Wool Dryers in our niills about one year; 
they have given us perfect satisfaction, easily preparing the wool in the best manner 
that we have ever seen, for 12 sets of cards, 

Yours truly, DAVID BALLOU, Trea.s. 

Lippitt Woolen Co., per E. Richardson. 

Manufactured by CHARLES G. SARGENT, Graniteville, Mass. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



39 



the mind of the wide awake "Montezuma." For a time he 
was afflicted with shoe shop on the brain, but soon an idea 
struck him. The river was free to everj one. If he only had 
a boat he could build a roof on that and thus attain his aims. 
Acting on the impulse, he obtained a canal boat 30 or 40 feet 
long and 10 or 15 feet wide, and propelling or dragging it 
over the rapids and falls below here, brought it to anchor 
where the Pacific Mills now stand. It remained in the water 
until autumn, when it was transferred to the land, and there 
opened the first shoe store in Lawrence. But this is not the 
only point in this case. Mr. Pillsburj was alike the first shoe 
dealer in this city and the first person of whom there is any 
record who succeeded in navigating the Merrimac above tide 
water, between here and Haverhill. While touching this 
point of the navigation of the river, we will say that on the 
6th of June, 1848, the steamer Lawrence, Captain Shepard, 
arrived here from Newburyport, with a large delegation of 
gentlemen from that and other towns along the river. • She 
came through from Haverhill in about an hour and a half, 
landing her passengers not far from the point where the float- 
ing shoe store had been. The Lawrence had a capacity for 
about 100 tons of freight and passengers. Since that time a 
steamer in miniature, but capable of carrying ten or twelve 
persons at a time, was run back and forth between here and 
Newburyport in almost all stages of w^ater, with facility and 
safety. She was owned by Webster and Dustin, the well- 
known machinists of this city, and we believe, was always run 
by one or the other of the owners. When the next steamer 
will arrive is not a matter of certainty. The only absolute 
certainty in this respect is, that she is cmning. The Pen- 
tucket Navigation Company have nearly completed their sur- 
vey of the river. They may possibly clear the obstructions 
during the coming year, and commence the regular navigation 
of the river immediately. We say this company rnay do this. 
From the very high character of the leading men in this im- 
portant enterprise for foresight, energy, and the means to 
accomplish ends far more gigantic, we perhaps ought to say 



40 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



TO WOOLEN MANUFACTURERS. 



Gentlemen, — 

The woolen manufacturers have long been desirous of obtaining some 
Mechanital device for cleansing wool by machinery, thereby dispensing with the 
laborious and most disagreeable of all the work connected with the proper preparation 
of wool for working. All know (who have tried it) there is no pleasure derived from 
washing wool by the old method. My new improved Wool Washing Machine is 
covered by three different Patents: one Patent on the original English Machine, and 
two Patents for valuable improvements of my own. 

This makes wool washing simple and easy ; a lad able to feed a common Braker- 
Card can attend this machine successfully, and wash from 1200 to 6000 lbs. per day, 
according to the quality of wool. The wool is placed upon the feed apron, which 
carries it forward and drops it into the tub or bowl back of the tumbler B, (the bowl 
is first filled with scouring liquor about two thirds full.) This tumbler, with its three 
projections, passes the wool gently down under the scouringliquor and atthesame time 
carries it forward to the action of the first rake D, these rakes being hung near the 
centre to a crank, and there upper cards held by a swivel stand, it gives to the bottom 
ends of the rake teeth a motion in the form of an elipsis nearly flat or straight, on its 
bottom side. The first rake passes the wool forward through liquor about three feet 
and leaves it behind the first stationary rake which is made fast to the side of the bowl 
with its teeth on an incline of about 45 degrees towards the front of the machine ; these 
teeth reach within about tliree inches of the strainer or false bottom. Here the 2nd rake 
D, takes the wool and passes it forward to the second stationary rake, where the 3rd 
rake takes it and passes it forward to the lifting cylinder F. This cylinder is con- 
structed with a series of rakes or combs hung on the inside of the cylinder. There are 
12 of these rakes or combs. Their teeth are curved so they will rock freely on their centre 
and pass out and in the cylinders freely and With ease. On the driving ends of this 
cylinder the shaft is made tight to the head. On the opposite side, the shaft is made 
tight in the Box or Journal so it cannot revolve round it. On the centre of this sta- 
tionary shaft in the centre of the cylinder, is an eccentric which is tight to the shaft : 
this eccentric governs the throwing out and in of the rake or comb teeth. The eccen- 
tric is so set that its teeth are out to its extent nearly on its bottom side, and as they 
pass round upwards engage the floating wool presented to them by the third rake and 
carry it up out of the liquor to the top of said lifting cylinder in a uniform and even 
sheet; here the teeth run below the surface of said cylinder, leaving the wool to be 
taken from the surface by the iron apron H. This apron delivers the wool to the 
squeezing rolls J & K. The rolls are arranged with levers and weights so that a 
pressure of about nine tons can be put on them. The wool is delivered to the rolls in 
an even sheet or web. The liquor is squeezed out of the wool, leaving it nearly dry. 
The wool after passing the squeeze rolls is taken by the beater or fan M, which throws 
the wool from the machine into a pile in front. Occasionally wool will pass the beater 
M, and be carried upward by the squeeze roll : to prevent said roll from winding up, 
I have placed another beater L, which knocks back all such wool and prevents the top 
wool from winding. 

CHARLES a, SARG-ENT, 

5IANUr.\CTURER OF 

COTTON and WOOLEN MACHINERY, 

GRANITEVILLE, MASS. 

On Stony Brook Railroad. Near Lowell. 

[SEE ALSO PAGES 28, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 38.] 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 41 

iinll do this, and in this expression, we think we should be 
justified, and we know we should thereby do more ample 
justice to our hopes and convictions. 

In October, 1846, the first newspaper was issued under the 
name of The Merrimack Courier, bj J. F. C. Hajes. 
This paper was continued under the. editorial management of 
Mr. -Hajes, John A. Goodwin, Homer A. Cooke, Rev. Henry 
r. Harrington, and Nathaniel Ambrose, a portion of the time 
as a tri-weekly, until the year 1862, when it was merged into 
the Lawrence Daily Journal, and died. In January, 1847. 
The Weekly Messenger, by Brown & Becket, was trans- 
ferred to Lawrence from Exeter, N. H. It continued for 
about two years, when it ceased to exist. Some time in the 
winter of 1847 or 1848, one or two copies of a paper were 
issued from the Messenger office, under the title of The 
Engine, by E. R. Wilkins. In the spring of 1848, a fcAV 
numbers of a paper, under' the title of The Herald, hj Amos 
H. Sampson, were issued here. It was to have been a demo- 
cratic paper, but the democracy, disliking either the paper or 
its editor, or both, did not come up to the support of the en- 
terprise, and it was dropped. Connected with this stoppage 
was an incident which went far to show the attachment of the 
democracy to the editor of the Herald, and of the editor to 
this particular locality. Mr. Heaton Bailey came to the Her- 
ald office, located in the attic of one of the blocks in Mer- 
chants' Row, and plainly put the question to Sampson, in our 
presence, "What shall I give you to quit this enterprise and 
leave this place?" Sampson, throwing his arms across his 
breast and locking them securely, replied, "What will you 
give ? " Bailey offered him ten dollars. Turning to us, 
Sampson enquired, " Well, now, Mr. Hayes, what would you 
do? '" We replied that were we as big a fool as the editor of 
the Herald we would take the money and never be seen in 
Lawrence again. He took the money and, thrusting his old 
brown cotton umbrella under his arm, made good time on the 
route to Boston. The next we heard of him he was teaching 
school in the state of Kentucky. Immediately following the 



42 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



I^I 







001J6H B 




The Best Medicine known for the Speedy and Effectual Cure of 

Coughs, Whooping Cough and all Lung Diseases. 

The present proprietors of this medicine, having purchased of the former proprietor 
the sole and exclusive right to manufacture from the original I'ccipe now in their pos- 
session, this well known 

REMEDY FOR COUGHS AND PULMONARY DISEASES 

of all descriptions, have been induced hy the repeated applications of former residents 
of this vicinity, now residing in New England, the Middle and Western States and the 
Canadas, to whom its virtues are so well known, to place it more prominently before 
the public. They feel warranted, from the many testimonials in their possession, in 
making the following statements : — 

That Fisher's Cough Drops, for the permanent cure of Pulmonary Diseases, stands 
unrivalled. 

That it will, if taken in season, break up any Cough and prevent Consumption. 

Tliat it will cure more cases of Cough than any other medicine known. 

That it will, in very many cases, cure the patient when given up by the physician. 

That, although the ingredients are costly and entirely dift'erent from other Cough 
Medicine, it is the cheapest medicine sold, as the dose is very small ; and 

That for every man, woman or child who has a cough, no matter how troublesome or 
long standing, or how low the patient, the medicine, taken according to the directions 
before retiring for the night, 

Will produce a Sweet and Refreshing Sleep, 

and all cessation from coughing, with no bad eft'oct following: but in the morning the 
patient will raise easily all he would have coughed up during the night. Bj' continuing 
this practice (if not en'tirely beyond the reach of medicine). 

The Lungs, by being relieved, become strengthened, 

THE COUGH WILL ABATE, and the health gradually but surely improve until 
permanently cured. 
All persons whose profession or employment confines them within doors, 

ESPECIALLY FACTORY OPERATIVES, 

will find this medicine particulaaly valuable. Its wonderful effects in all cases are 
universally known wherever the medicine has been sold, and it has reached a large 
sale at the present time on its merits alone. 

NASOIV, SY3i:0]VD!S «fe CO., I'r'oprietors, 



For sale by 



KENNEBUNK, MAINE. 



GEORGE F. TA.LBOT, 



AND DRUGGISTS GENERALLY, 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 43 

Herald came The Vanguard^ bj Fabyan k Douglass. The 
Yanguard was democratic, and bj whatever test it may be 
tried, was, in our opinion, bj far the ablest paper ever issued 
in Lawrence. Mr. Fabjan was a gentleman of ability, and 
he had the aid of most of the democratic lawyers in the vi- 
cinity : but he soon run through with his friends, and left the 
paper to the management of others. The office itself was a 
joint stock concern, in which the publishers were very little 
interested. Subsequently the name was changed to The Sen- 
tinel, and under this title it is still continued by Mr. Abiel 
Morrison. The Sentinel has been edited, in the course of its 
existence, by Harrison Douglass, B. F. Watson, George A. 
Gordon, Benjamin Bordman, John Ryan and John K. Tar- 
box. In 1856. a weekly paper, under the title of The Home 
Review, was issued here by J. F. C. Hayes. It was continued 
until the Courier came back into his hands, when it was merged 
into that paper. In 1855, The Lawrence American, by Geo. 
W. Sargent and A. S. Bunker, was commenced here. The 
office, like that of the Yanguard, was a joint stock affair, owned 
by- members of the "Know-Nothing" party. Mr. Bunker 
sold his right to the paper to Mr. Sargent for twenty-five 
dollars, in a few weeks after its commencement, and the paper 
was continued for a time by Mr. Sargent alone, when Mr, 
George S. Merrill was associated with him, and finally suc- 
ceeded him as sole editor. The American is now published 
by G. S. Merrill, C. F. Crocker and C. C. Whitney. In 1861 
the first daily paper in this city was commenced by Dockham 
& Place. It was continued for about two years, when it was 
merged into the American. In the spring of 1867, The Es- 
sex Eagle, by Merrill & Wadsworth, was commenced. It is 
a weekly paper, devoted to local and miscellaneous news, and 
is now published by Mr. H. A. Wadsworth, Mr. Merrill hav- 
ing retired from the business. 

On the ITtli of April, 1847, the legislature granted a char- 
ter to the town of Lawrence on the following conditions: 

Sec. 1. All the territory now within the towns of Methuen and 
Andover, in the county of Essex, comprised within the fbjlowing limits 
— that is to say, by a line beginning at the mouth of Shawsheen River, 



•44 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



J. F. FLINT 4& CO., 



DEALERS IN 




Ladies' and OM^SiS^^li CMldreu's 



"^^Rffiss ffwas. 



NO. 53 ESSEX STREET, 

LAWRENCE, MASS. 



"We have constantly on hand a large and splendid assortment of Ladies' and Children's 
Fur Goods, embracing 

American Sable, Fitch, Siberian Squirrel, 

and other fashionable kinds, 

aimIm of finb qualitiks 

— AND — 

10 SI BISIEIBLI SHlBlSj 

and of the LATEST STYLES. The Goods having been selected with much care, and 
giving our attention 

EXCLUSIVELV TO THE FUR BUSINESS, 

enables us to buy and sell at the 

LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES. 

OLD FURS ALTERED AND REPAIRED, OR TAEIEX IX EX- 
CHANGE FOR NEW. 

J. F. FLIIVT & CO. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 45 



at its easterly bank, thence running southerly by said easterly bank to a 
stake at the bend in said river, a iiew rods westerly of the bridge, where 
it is crossed by the Salem Turnpike ; thence in a straight line westerly 
to a marked stone in the wall at the easterly corner of the intersection 
of roads, by Jacob Barnard's house; thence northerly in a straight line 
across Meri-imack River, passing between the house of Asa Barker and 
that of Ebenezer Barker, on the Tower-Hill Road, leading from Methu- 
en to Lowell, to a stake about 2150 feet northerly from where the line 
crosses said road ; thence northeasterly to a monument on the easterly 
side of Londonderry Turnpike, passing a little northerly of the house of 
Abiel Stevens ; thence easterly in a straight line to a monument at the 
intersection of Lawrence street with the old road which runs easterly 
fron Stevens' factory towards Haverhill ; thence in a straight line east- 
erly, passing north of William Swan's house through a monument about 
400 feet south of the intersection of the roads near said Swan's house, 
to the line of the town of Andover, in Merrimack River ; thence running 
by the said line of Andover westerly, to the easterly bank of Shawshcen 
River, at the point of starting ; — is hereby incorporated into a town by 
the name of Lawrence : and the said town of Lawrence is hereby invested 
with all the privileges, powers, rights and immunities, and subject to all 
the duties and requisitions to which other towns are entitled and subject, 
by the constitution and laws of this Commonwealth. 

Sec. 2. The town of Lawrence shall make and maintain all bridges 
for public highways over the Shavvsheen River, so far as the easterly 
bank of said river is a boundary of the said town, uicludingthe masonry 
of said bridges on the easterly bank thereof. 

Sec. 3. The inhabitants of the said town of Lawrence shall be holden 
to pay all arrears of taxes which have been legally assessed upon them 
b}' the towns of Methuen and Andover, respectively ; and all taxes here- 
tofore assessed and not collected, shall be collected and i)aid to the 
treasurers of the towns of Methuen and Andover, respectively, in the 
same manner as if this act had not been passed ; and also their propor- 
tion of all county and state taxes that may be assessed upon them pre- 
viously to the next state valuation — that is to say, two-thirds of the 
state and county taxes that may be assessed upon the town of Methuen, 
and one-eighth of the state and county taxes that may be assessed on 
the town of Andover, till the next state valuation. 

Sec. 4. The parts of the said town of Lawrence now belonging to 
the towns of Methuen and Andover, respectively, shall remain parts of 
the said towns of Methuen and Andover for the purpose of electing 
state officers, senators, representatives to congress, and electors of 
president and vice jiresident of the United States, until the next decen- 
nial census shall be taken, in pursuance of the loth article of amend- 
ment to the constitution ; and the meetings for the choice of such 
representatives, and the other officers aforesaid, shall be called by the 
selectmen of the said towns, respectively ; the selectmen of Lawrence 
shall make a true list of persons belonging to the territory of each of 
said towns hereby incorporated into the town of Lawrence, qualified to 
vote at every such election, and the same shall be taken and used by the 
selectmen of said respective towns for such elections, in the same man- 
ner as if prepared by themselves. 

Sect. 5. The said towns of Methuen, Andover and Lawrence shall 
be respectively liable for the support of all who now do, or shall here- 
after, stand in need of relief as paupers, whose settlement was gained 



46 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Manufacturers and Dealers in all kinds of 

COOKHSTG, OFFICE, A^B PAKLOK 

Hot Air Furnaces & Ranges, 




CHEAR PACKAnC ^CO.ALSAHY.N.Y. 



ALSO, JOBBERS IN 



futJiGi.S^i/^jL£A/tn 



WEOl^Hf IB©M PII'l 

For Steam, Gas and Water, and Iron and Brass Fittings. 

Pumps, Lead Pipe, Sheet Lead and Zinc, Copper Gutters 
and Conductors, 

PLUMBIN^G A^D GAS FITTIIN^G 

done by competent workmen. Tin Roofing put on and Warranted. 

MO. 195 KSSXSX STRKKT^ 

LAWRENCE, MASS. 

ROBERT HAUGHTON. JOHN F. BINGHAM. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 47 

by, or derived from, a residence within their respective limits ; and the 
said town of Lawrence shall, within one 3ear from tlie time of its organ- 
ization under this act, pay to the town of Methnen one thousand dollars 
as and for their just proportion of the debts of the town of Methuen, 
owing at the time of the passage ot tliis act, exclusive of the amount of 
the surplus revenue of the United States in the treasury of the town of 
Methuen ; and the town of Lawrence shall also pay two-thirds of the 
amount of said surplus revenue whenever its repayment shall be de- 
manded by the LTnited States according to law ; and shall also pay to 
the town of Methuen the amount that said town shall pay for building 
Haverhill street, so called, Avithin the limits of said town of Lawi-ence, 
as ordered by the county commissioners for the county of Essex. 

Sec. 6. Any justice of the peace in the county of Essex is hereby 
authoi'ized to issue his' warrant directed to any principal inhabitant of 
the town of Lawrence, requiring him to notify and warn the inhabitants 
thereof, qualified to vote in town aifairs, to meet at the time and place 
therein appointed, for the purpose of choosing all such town officers as 
towns are by law authorized and required to choose at their annual 
meetings ; and such justice, or, in his absence, such principal inhabitant 
shall preside till the choice of a moderator in said meeting. 

Sec. 7. This act shall take effect from and after its passage. 

In accordance with the provisions of the foregoing charter, 
Dan Weed, Esq., as justice of the peace, issued a warrant 
directed to Charles S. Storrow, requiring him to "notify 
and warn the inhabitants of the town of Lawrence, qualified 
to vote in town affairs, to assemble in Merrimack Hall,'"' (on 
the corner of Lawrence and Common streets, then the largest 
hall in the place,) on Monday, April 26, 1847, at ten o'clock 
in the forenoon, then and there to choose a moderator and 
other necessary town officers, and to raise all necessary sums 
of money to defray the expenses of the- town, to keep the 
highways in proper repair, to determine what sums of money 
the town will appropriate to the support of schools, and to do 
all other necessary business in the way of organizing the new 
government. At that time our people were comparatively 
strangers to each other, and it was somewhat difficult to select 
men according to the usual rule, by party lines. It was there- 
fore determined to make the best possible selection, irrespec- 
tive of party. Under this rule, Henry Flanders, Esq., then 
a lawyer here, but long since a resident of Philadelphia, 
where he has gained considerable notoriety as a writer on 
maritime law, was chosen moderator; Dr. E. W. Morse, town 
clerk; Daniel Saunders, treasurer; James D. Herrick, Dr. 



48 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



GHARLBS GLARKIS^ 

91 ESSEX, COE]N"ER OF JACKSO]S^ ST., 



DEALER IlSr 



Hf 






m m 



8il€im§B, 



f 



AND 




PERFUMERY, TOILET ARTICLES. &c. 



Ai^ent for all the 



MEDICIHES OF THE DAY. 



A full line of 

Trusses, Supporters and Shoulder Braces 

always in store. 



PHYSICIANS' PRESCRIPTIONS 



put up at all hours of the day or night, by a COMPETENT PERSON. 



It is my aim to use in the compounding and sale of Medicines those of a 

Pure and Unadulterated Character. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 49 

William D. Lamb, and Dan Weed, school committee; and 
William Swan, Charles F. Abbott, Nathan Wells, James 
Stevens, and L. D. Brown, selectmen. Of the ten constables 
elected at that meeting, five are yet living in the city, viz. : 
N. Ambrose, P. M. Gage, Bailey Bartlett, Ephraim C. B.art- 
lett, and J. N. Gage. 

The legislature of 1848 empowered the Essex Company to 
increase their capital stock to the amount of |^500,000, ^'■pro- 
vided that the said company shall be liable for all damages 
that shall be occasioned to the owners of fish-rights existing 
above the company's dam, by the stopping or impeding the 
passage of the fish up and down Merrimack river by the said 
dam, such damage to be assessed by the county commissioners 
in the county in which such fish-rights exist." Also, an act 
incorporating Charles Stark Newell, Timothy Osgood, Amos 
Merrill, and their associates, as the Lawrence Fire Insurance 
Company, on the mutual plan. This company was organized 
and went immediately into business, but competition from 
abroad, coupled with considerable losses by fire, rendered it 
expedient to go into liquidation after a year or two of fruitless 
struggle for a foothold among this class of corporations. The 
Lawrence Fire Department was incorporated by the same leg- 
islature. The same legislature also incorporated John Tenney 
of Methuen, Alfred Kittredge of Haverhill, Daniel Saunders 
of Lawrence, and their associates, as the Lawrence Aqueduct 
Company, with a capital of $50,000, empowering them to 
draw tne water from Racket's pond, in Andover, and convey 
the same for distribution and sale in Lawrence. This com- 
pany was never fully organized, though a survey of the pond 
and route Avas made by Asa Freeman, Esq., an engineer from 
Dover, N. H. The pond itself is not far from eighty feet 
above the top of the Essex Company's dam. The estimated 
cost of this enterprise was found to largely exceed the amount 
included in the charter of the company, and no serious effort 
was ever afterward made to efiect the object aimed at by these 
corporators, and the people of this city still continue to draw 
their supply of water for domestic purposes from wells and 



50 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Something of Importance to Every One! 



ECONOMY IS A\^EA^LTH. 



THE G-H.E.^T 

UNITED STATES TEA CO. 

OF NEW YORK, 

Offer through their SOLE AGENCY for Lawrence, all of the different grades of 




d Coj 




of their own importation, at the same prices at which they can be purchased at 
their counters. 

THESE ARTICLES ARE STRICTLY PURE ! 

of the nicest and most palatable flavor, and 

Cheaper than the Boston Wholesale Prices. 

This firm is among, if not the largest Importers in the country, and they take par- 
ticular care that their goods shall be fresh to their Agent, at least once each week. It 
is impossible for any dealer to compete with them, for importing as they do such im- 
mense quantities, it will be readily comprehended that they have a perfect control of 
the market. 

These Teas and Coffees are in one pound packages, on which are printed the price of 
each quality, and the name of the firm. 

We would call especial attention to their Choice Black and Green Teas, the finest 
Teas of China, and such as are used by the high State Officers in that distant hind The 
Great Tea Company import these in the original one pound Chinese package, which are 
completely air tight, retaining their strength and flavor unchanged for years. 

( )rders also by the Chest, from Boarding House Keepers and others, respectfully 
solicited. We invite all to examine these goods and prices. 



DRUGGIST AKD APOTHECARY, 

Comer of Essex and Mill Streets, 

(ENTRANCE TO WASHINGTON MILLS,) 

SOLE AGENT FOR LAWRENCE AND VICINITY. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 51 

cisterns. It was supposed at the outset of the survey that the 
pond was suflScientlj elevated to be drawn across the ridge of 
land intervening between it and Lawrence. But on investi- 
gation, a very heavy cut through a long range of ledge pre- 
cluded the idea of using this route, and the only alternative 
left was to follow the course of the outlet of the pond nearly 
down to the Merrimac, thus running some three or four miles 
out of the line of Lawrence. This long line, with the very 
uncertain supply of water in seasons of extreme drought, con- 
vinced the engineer, and probably those who employed him, 
that the enterprise would not pay the cost of construction. 
The same legislature also incorporated the Franklin Library 
Association on the 14th of June, and on the 5th of July, 
Capt. Charles H. Bigelow, who had been chosen president of 
the association, received from Hon. Abbott Lawrence a dona- 
tion of one thousand dollars, to be expended in ''such scien- 
tific and other works as will tend to make good mechanics, 
good christians and good patriots." 

The election for town officers for the year 1848 was one of 
the most animated ever held in this vicinity. Party lines had 
been drawn as concisely as though the welfare of the nation 
depended on the resiilt. So evenly were parties balanced that 
it required four ballottings to effect a choice of selectmen. 
William D. Joplin was elected moderator; E. W. Morse, town 
clerk; Charles F. Abbott, John M. Smith, William D. Jop- 
lin, David J. Clark, and Levi Sprague, selectmen. Nathaniel 
White was elected treasurer, and George Packard, H. F. Har- 
rington, Lyman Whiting, James D. Herrick, and Nathan W. 
Harmon, school committee. The constabulary force, compris- 
ing four discreet persons, were elected from nearly twenty 
candidates. 

The meeting at which these officers were elected was a tur- 
bulent one. Party lines were drawn with as inuch precision 
as though governors were to be chosen instead of selectmen, 
and the vote was close. Ballot after ballot, without effecting 
a choice of officers, consumed the day, and the business which 
was to be acted upon was not half finished when- night com- 



52 



ADVERTISEMENTS, 



Comer Common and Jackson Streets, 

LAWRENCE, MASS., 

DEALER INT 

Cook, Parlor & Office Stoves 




RAKGES, FURNACES, CASTINGS, &c., S,c. 

Agent in Lawrence for the 

'^BARSTOW NEW COOK STOVE" 



ABMIRALi OOOK STOITK^ 

AND 

Stewart's Celebrated Parlor Stove, 

FOR WOOD OR COAL. These Stoves are the latest and best, with all modern 
improvements, and for style, beauty of finish, economy in fuel, and working capacity, 
are not approached by any other Cook Stove in use. Call and ezamine them at 

Cor. Common and Jackson Sts., Lawrence, Mass. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 53 

pelled an adjournment. The location of the town hail and 
Oliver school house was among the business laid over. These 
"articles in the warrant" came up at the adjourned meeting. 
No one seemed inclined to interfere with the arrangement in 
regard to the school house, but when the location of the hall 
came in order to be acted upon, there was a noisy opposition 
to every proposition for location, with no definite aim at recon- 
ciliation. The lot first named by Mr. Storrow as suitable for 
the location was that on Jackson, between Orchard and Gar- 
den streets. This was rejected. It was then voted to locate 
it ivest of Appleton street, but the proposition to define that 
location on the corner of Appleton and Common streets, where 
the hall now stands, was voted down by seven majority, and it 
was then voted, by ten majority, to locate it on the corner of 
Common and Lawrence streets. Subsequently this vote was 
reconsidered, and the proposition to locate west of Appleton 
street prevailed. The hall was built, at a cost of about $40,- 
000, under the direction of Messrs. H. Plummer, I. M. Stone, 
Charles H. Bigelow, and others. It was dedicated the same 
year with ceremonies deemed appropriate to the occasion. 
Among the notable sayings at this dedication was that of a 
clergyman, who annovinced with jerky vehemence, in a mixed 
multitude of natives and foreigners, that "they have no town 
halls in Europe, but they have their star-chambers," &c. This 
announcement was equalled by another from his own pulpit. 
The church steeple had been struck by lightning, which fol- 
lowed the spire to the bell-deck. This deck being covered 
with a metallic substance, dissipated the electric spark, car- 
rying it harmlessly away. It was a streak of luck in behalf 
of the church, and the preacher conceived that it must be used 
to impress the hearer, and on the next Sabbath he gravely an- 
nounced that the Almighty had sent his thunder bolts upon 
his chosen edifice to demonstrate His power in averting the de- 
struction of the building. And all this was said just as though 
the speaker knew all about it ! 

In April, 1848, Mr. Josiah Crosby, now of North Andover, 
was perhaps the heaviest dealer in groceries in the town. His 



54 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



nyCTJSIG STOI^E. 




ro o 



SOI 



DEALERS IN 



Musical Instruments, 

VIOLIN STRINGS, SHEET MUSIC, INSTRUCTION 
BOOKS, SONGS, BALLADS, 

and every description of MUSICAL MERCHANDISE. 

FANCV GOODS AND TOYS, BETJCUUS, 

Portmonnaies, Traveling Baskets, Combs, Brushes, Fans, Albums, etc. 

PICTTJUE FR^JVIES, 

Oval and Square, in stock, or made to order, and put up in style. 

Chxomos, Engravings, Photographs, and Colored Prints in great variety. 
Pier, Mantel, Oval Mirrors, and Common Looking Glasses. 

Stereoscopic Views and all kinds of Stationery. Agents for the Celebrated 

WEED SEWING MACHINE. 

Agents tor Chickering & Sons' and .J. W. Bracket's Piano Fortes, and Mason & Ham- 
lin's Cabinet Organs. All kinds of Musical Instruments Tuned, Repaired and Let. 
Umbrellas and Parasols Made and Repaired. 

IVo. liiO Essex Street, La^vrence. 

8. A. ELLIS. LELAND SNOW. WILLARD SNOW. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 55 

"Pioneer" store was the same now occupied bj Messrs. J. 
Shattuck, Jr., & Co., on the south side of the river. At the 
time to Avhich we allude he advertised good flour at ,^7 to 
$7.50 per barrel, butter at 22 to 24 cents per pound, molasses 
at 22 cents per gallon, good New York cheese at 7 1-4 to 8 1-2 
cents, brown sugar at 7, crushed 9 3-4, souchong tea 20. young 
hjson 33 to 75, lamp oil 55, salt pork 7, mackerel 5, and cod- 
fish 4 cents. At a somewhat earlier day, Mr. P. Ryan, then 
lar"-elv eno-ao-ed in the boot and shoe business, advertised 
"men's thick boots at |1,62 to $2,50; men's long legged, 
double soled, water 'proof boots, $2,50 to $3,25; calf boots 
$1,50 to $3,00; ladies' polka boots $1,33 to 1,50; ladies' 
rubbers, 75 cents to $1,50." We italicise the "long legged 
boots." At that time the principal object with every pedes- 
trian was to find a boot as long in the leg as possible, to avoid 
the danger of going over the tops in the general abyss of mud. 
In all the town, away from the Turnpike, there was no foot- 
walks, and the carriage-ways were often almost impassible. 
Hence, a "long legged, double soled, water proof boot" was 
about the only one in demand. 

While touching upon prices we will cite one more variety 
of merchandise. The school committee gave notice that the 
following books could be obtained at any of the bookstores at 
the prices annexed : — Russell's American School Reader, .75 ; 
Introduction to American Reader, .42 ; Sequel to American 
Reader, .33; Primer, .12: Emerson's National Spelling Book, 
.17: Greenlief's National Arithmetic, .75; Mitchell's Geog- 
raphy, $1.00; Olmstead's School Philosophy, $1.00. This 
must suffice for the prices twenty years ago, before " war's 
alarms " and taxation began to affect alike the food for the 
body and the mind, as well as the raiment of the multitude. 

Early in 1848, the importance of securing and laying out 
a place for the repose of the dead began to receive more 
merited attention than had before been bestowed upon it. The 
original lot designated for this purpose embraced but about 
three acres, and the arrangement of this ground was put under 
the direction of Mr. John Smith. Subsequently; this sacred 



56 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 




BLiS^N^K BOOKS, 

STATIONERY & FANCY GOODS, 



AT 




3 KSSHX STRBUT^ 
LAWREN^CE, MASS. 



Avon Mills Writing Papers, 

Noted for their fineness of quality and smoothness of surface, with ENVELOPES TO 
MATCH, at a small advance from Manufacturers' Prices. 

BL^NK BOOKS. 

Particular attention given to the manufacturing of Blank Books, employing the best 
and most experienced workmen, with all the tools and machinery for doing the nicest 
of work — being the only place where Blank Rooks are made without the extra expense 
and delay of sending part of the work to Boston. Orders filled at the shortest notice 
and lowest prices. 

STEREOSCOPES AND VIEWS. 

The largest and most complete assortment that can be found. 

Work Baskets, Traveling Baskets and Bags. Wax Figures and Flowers, Parlor Cro- 
quet, Portfolios, Pocket and Pen Knives, Tintype Albums, Gold Pens, Morocco Wal- 
lets, Games and Toys. Useful and Elegant Articles especially adapted for Presenta- 
tion, at prices varying from 25 cents to S7,'). Writing Desks and Work Boxes, — orna- 
mented and Inlaid with Silver, Pearl and Ivory, with and without the Secret Drawer; 
Perfumed Glove and Handkerchief Boxes of every description ; Glove, Handkerchief, 
and Jewel Boxes Combined : Toilet Sets, Vases, Bibles and Prayer Books, Elegantly 
Bound Gift Books, Toy Books, &c. 

We respectfully invite an inspection of the above varied and extensive stock, feeling 
assured that the great annoyance and loss of time generally experienced in the selec- 
tion of suitable articles for presents at moderate prices will be entirely obviated. And 
wo wish it distinctly understood that instructions are given our assistants not to press 
the sale of any article which does not quite please the taste of the purchaser. .\ny 
article purchased, if not fully .approved of, will be exchanged without the slighest hesi- 
tation, it being deemed of the greatest importance that every customer should be so 
satisfied as not only to Insure their future patronage, but also their recommendation. 

EACH ARTICLE MARKED IN PLAIN FIGURES. 

I. A.. WHIT COMB, 

BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER, 

93 Essex Street, - - - Lawrence. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 57 

inclosure was enlarged to its present still too limited dimen- 
sions. The Catholics early consecrated the ground upon the 
summit of Currant's Hill. Subsequently, Father O'Donnell 
secured the tract for the second Catholic cemetery on the west 
of the old ferry road, and since his death his successors have 
secured a still larger tract, extending from the north line of 
the second to the south line of the first Catholic burying- 
ground. In the early days of Lawrence, the tract of land 
embraced in this last purchase was sold to Hon. Mr. Trask, of 
Salem, for upwards of $20,000, and at the time of his death 
it had cost him, in original outlay, interest and taxes, proba- 
bly .$50,000, or more. 

In 1848 there were less than one hundred persons in the 
town paying a tax of $10. Of these, sixteen paid over $20 
and less than $30, eight paid from $30 to $50, four paid 
from $50 to $100 ; T. J. Coburn. now of Lowell, paid $127,- 
50, Abial Stevens $160, and Charles S. Storrow $165.25. 
The Essex Company paid $4,950.96, the Bay State, now 
Washington Mills, $3,028.20, the Atlantic Mills $2,100. 
Fifteen persons owning property here, but then residing in 
other towns, and taxed $10 or more as non-residents, subse- 
quently became residents of Lawrence. Thirty-seven of the 
resident tax payers of the class named are known to have since 
left the town to reside elsewhere, while twenty-one have died, 
and eight of the non-resident tax payers who subsequently 
became residents of the town have since either died or changed 
their residence. We speak, of course, only of those whose 
names and faces were familiar. Many more, with whom we 
had no acquaintance, may have gone in one or the other of 
these avenues of exit without our knowledge. 

The Boston and Maine railway having changed its location 
from Andover to North Andover, constructed, between April, 
1845, and March, 1848, the five miles of road between those 
places by way of this city, together with the bridges across the 
'rivers and canal, and on the 28th of February, run their pas- 
senger cars across the bridge for the first time to the station 
on the north side of the river. 



58 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



LOTV^ELL 



Wmx ^€m pip Morh. 

H. R. BARKER & CO., 

Manufacturers and "Wholesale Dealers in 

WROUGHT AND GALVANIZED 



iitt@ir wswm. 



OF EVEUY.SIZE, 

Brass and Iron Fittings, 

steam Valves of aU sizes, Steam "Whistles & Gauges, Force Pumps, &c, 

HEATERS AND STEAM CONDENSERS, 

And all Fixtures connected with 



We would respeotfnlly invite the public to call and examine our large and splendid 
assortment of 

Chandeliers, Brackets, Pendants, and Drop Lights, 

Glass and Paper Shades, of the most desirable patterns. 



All of the above articles we offer at as 

Low Rates as they can be furnished by any House 

in the country. We also hold ourselves in readiness at all times, to contract, for 
Heating with Steam or Lighting with Gas, Houses, Factories, Stores, Churches, Public 
BuildirTgs, Hospitals, &c. 
All work done by the above is warranted to give entire satisfaction. 

Store, - - - No. 8 Central Street. 
Manufactory, 82 & 84 Middle Street, 

LOWELL, MASS., 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 59 

On the 2d of July, 1848, the Lowell railway being com- 
pleted, five trains were run between Lawrence and Lowell, 
conveying passengers free. Over 8000 people were carried 
over the road during the day. It seemed as though all Law- 
rence was going to Lowell, and all Lowell coming to Law- 
rence. 

The Essex railway, from Lawrence to Salem, was opened 
for travel on the 4th of September, 1848. It brought through 
a load of the most quiet and orderly "solid men" of Salem, 
which contrasted very favorably with the multitude of turbu- 
lent men and boys who patronized the free ride from Lowell 
to which we have alluded. 

The Manchester and Lawrence railway was opened for travel 
in October, 1849. An incident in connection with this line 
is worthy of note. The company having been duly chartered 
and organized, opened its books for subscriptions. In two 
days more stock was subscribed for than was required to build 
and equip the line. And yet the books were kept open until 
in the space of thirty days, nearly three millions of dollars 
had been subscribed! Then commenced a scramble for the 
stock, and a quarrel among subscribers and officers, which con- 
tinued for a considerable time, but the matter was finally com- 
promised. Since its construction, this line has been almost 
constantly "in hot water,'" from one cause or another. 
Quarrels among directors, war upon conductors, and difficul- 
ties with connecting lines, have marred its existence almost 
continually. 

The turbulence of the town meetings at which the location 
of the town hall was to be determined upon was annually re- 
peated until the town had grown into the city, in 1853. 
Parties were about equally balanced, and the contestants threw 
into the choice of town officers all the importance usually at- 
taching to gubernatorial and presidential elections. Generally, 
in these contests, the whigs succeeded by small majorities. 
Thus, in 1849, they elected as selectmen, I^evi Sprague, 
Charles F. Abbott and Isaac Fletcher. In 1850, Artemas 
Parker, Jr., William R. Page and William Gile. In 1851, 



60 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



JKfllMlMlATfl G. BRIGHAM^p 




A)^ w S!HI K W ?>&'.& m ^ 



f 



AND DEALER IN 



PAUCY AND TOILET ARTICLES, 

PERFUMERY AND OOEOGMSTES, 
French Soaps, English Soajis, American Soaps, 

HAIR BRUSHES, TOOTH BRUSHES, CLOTHES BRUSHES, 



Am 



MM 



CHEMICALS, ALCOHOL, COSMETICS, 
BA.Y hum:, &c. 

SHAKER HERBS AND BOTANIC MEDICINES. 

Special attention given to compounding Physicians' 

FRESCRIPTIOISrS. 

A choice assortment of 
Selected with reference to the wants of the sick. 

BEST IMPORTED AND DOMESTIC CIGARS. 

INSTRUMENTS FOB THE AFFLICTED. 

TRUSSES AND SHOULDER BRACES, RUBBER SYRINGES. 

Agent for Perkins, Stern & Go's California Wines, Pickens' Whiskey, 
Marzetti's Porter, Scotch Ales, &c. 

IV O. 130 ESSEX: STI^EET, 
LAWRENCE, MASS. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 61 

William R. Page, Levi Sprague and Joseph Norris; and again, 
in 1852, the same parties were continued in office. No pub- 
lic meeting ever assembled in this city equalled this last meet- 
ing of the electors of the town. Mr. B. F. Watson led the 
democratic hosts. Early in the day, Mr. Watson made some 
motion intended to give advantage to his party, and was de- 
clared out of order. Exasperated at his failure, he planted 
himself in the way to the polls, and in a loud voice announced 
that '"there shall be no voting here to-day," and called upon 
his friends to block the passage to the polls. The hall was 
filled with excited men who rushed to the point where Watson 
was standing. A party fight, on an extended scale, seemed 
almost unavoidable, when, above the din of angry tumult, the 
clear, calm voice of William R. Page, chairman of the select- 
men, echoed through the hall: "Gentlemen will bring in 
their votes.'' Instantly Gen. Oliver, agent of the Atlantic 
Mills, started for the ballot box, and, after a struggle of great 
severity, finally arrived at the object of his aim, minus his 
coat tail. This incident operated like magic in allaying the 
disturbance. All parties regarded it as a joke worth laughing 
at; and as the two emotions, laughter and anger, cannot exist 
together, order was far more easily restored than the coat tail. 
The general himself enjoyed the fun as much as any one. 
Probably not a man in Lawrence, who esteemed order as a law 
of heaven, felt any regret that a town organization, which 
drew together in one hall all the voters of the place, was to 
give way to a division of these voters into wards under a city 
organization. 

In September, 1848, the Essex Company made an offer to 
the town of 17 1-2 acres of land, now known as "The Com- 
mon," on the liberal conditions that for the period of twenty 
years consecutively it should maintain a substantial fence 
around it, and annually expend not less than f 300 in orna- 
menting it, which sum must be laid out under the joint direc- 
tion of the agents of the Essex, Bay State and Atlantic com- 
panies and the chairman of the board of selectmen or mayor 
of the city. At a town meeting held September 23, it was' 



62 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



L. B. Richardson & Co., 




OFFICE, NO. 108 CENTRAL ST., 

(CORNER OF HURD,) 

Money to Loan on Gold & Silver Watches, 

JEWELRY, DRY GOODS, PIANO FORTES, 

Boots, Shoes, Carriages, Harnesses, &g., &c. 

An endless variety of Unredeemed Property, consisting of 

READY-MADE CLOTHING, CLOTHS, SUSPENDERS, 
CUTLERY, STATIONERY, ALBUMS, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, 

and, In fact, every thing which can accumulate in a Brokers' Office, 

FOR S^LE CHE^P. 



Watches and Jewelry neatly Repaired and Warranted, 
eastern", "western and canada money bought. 

An examination of our Stock will well reward any person wishing to 
purchase goods of ANY DESCBIPTION. 
L. B. RICHARDSON. F. L. RICHARDSON. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



63 



voted, by two majority, not to accejit the gift ! On the 7th 
of October following, another meeting AVas held, at which the 
people indignantly wiped out the action by which this beauti- 
ful breathing place of a busy community Avas rejected. Dr. 
Marsh, who voted to reject at the first meeting, moved the 
reconsideration, and his motion prevailed by an almost unani- 
mous vote. The main question was then carried with great 
unanimity, and thus that question was settled. Consequently, 
on the 7th of October, 1868, the common becomes the proper- 
ty of the city, free from all control of the agents of any of 
the manufacturing corporations in the city. 

During the summer of 1849, a sort of mania for town 
meetings pervaded the people. Parties were as nearly equally 
balanced as during the previous year, and if at one meeting 
either had secured an advantage over the other, there were 
never wanting men to sign petitions for another meeting, with 
the hope of reversing the action of the previous one. These 
meetings were usually very thinly attended, but they never- 
theless aiforded to several persons, who, like the ass in the 
fable, were deeply enamored of the sound of their own voice, 
an opportunity to be "seen and heard of men," in harangues 
as wasteful of time as they were lacking in both sense and 
coherence. 

The city charter was passed March 21, 1853, and was ac- 
cepted by the people on the 29th of the same month, by 659 
yeas to 143 nays. The first election under the charter was 
held on the 18th of April following, and the city government 
was duly organized on the 18th of May. This charter, with 
the rules and orders of the city government, and the general 
laws pertaining to the same, it is not necessary that we should' 
insert here, for the reason that no less than fifteen editions 
have been issued, at a cost of thousands of dollars, by authority 
of the city, since 1853, for gratuitous circulation, and all 
without a thought of the propriety of stereotyping, as in other 
standard works. 

At the first election under the city charter, Charles S. 
Storrow was chosen mayor. Mr. Storrow was succeeded by 



64 ADVERTISEMENTS. 






(?) 



The Most Wonderful Discovery of the 19th Centui'y. 

SCIETfCE HAS FrNALLY TKIUMPHED ! 

No more Sulphur, no more Sugar'of Lead, no more Lime, Iron and other 
Injurious Ingredients, hut 

Entirely free from SedimentM 

IF YOU WANT A BEAUTIFUL HEAD OF HAIR, 

USE HA. YES' B0NA.L0:N^D. 

It is warranted to 
Change Grey Hair to its Oriyinal Color and Jtestore it on Said Beads- 

Take the Remedy and Avoid the Disease! 

A GREAT BLESSING TO THE HUMAN FAMILY. 

It cures Cholera. 
It cures Diarrhea. 
It cures Dysentery. 

It cures Summer Complaints of Children. 
It cures Cholera Morbus. 

It cures Cramp in the Stomach. 
It cures Painters' Colic. 

It cures Colic and Internal Pains. 

It corrects the Stomach and regulates the Bowels. 

Every bottle w<irranted to oheck the disease, relieve the patient, and perform a radical 
cure, if used in due season and according to directions. 

Prepared and sold Wholesale and Retail, by 

J. H. HAYES, CHEIVIIST, 

NO. 18 CENTBAi STREET, LOWELL, MASS. 

Sold also by Rust Bros. & Bird, Geo. C. Goodwin & Co., Hanover St., Boston, 
Wholesale Agents, and by Medicine Dealers generally. Sold by all the Apothecaries 
in Lowell, and in Lawrence by 

GJ^EOI^G^E E. TALBOT, 

AND DRUGGISTS GENERALLY. 



HISTORY OF LAAVRENCE. 65 

Enoch Bartlett (the democratic candidate), under whose ad- 
ministration the only organized effort, hj two large parties, 
to incite riot and bloodshed in this city, took place. It is 
true that in April, 1847, a disturbance occurred at what was 
termed the "black house," an old dwelling located near 
where McFarland's ice houses are situated, h.y which the 
house was demolished. This row grew out of the report, in- 
dustriously circulated by a woman, that on a given time upon 
a certain night, she saw a certain man knocked down, loaded 
upon a wheelbarrow, and rolled off into the river. The man 
thus dealt with chanced for a time to be missin^, and great 
excitement followed, upon the supposition that the story was 
true. Three days after this the man returned safe and sound. 
Indignant that such a report should have grown out of nothing, 
a good natured crowd assembled and pretty nearly demolished 
the house. Several arrests were made, but the parties were 
discharged with very light fines. The riot of 1854 was of a 
far more formidable character. On the one side were arrayed 
the Irish, and on the other the know-nothing party. Like the 
trouble in 1847, that of 1854 was based wholly upon false- 
hood, and on a very meagre matter at that. It was reported 
that an Irishman had raised the American flag ^^ union doum,^' 
at his house on Oak street. The flag itself was one those cot- 
ton abortions used on public days to indicate the fervor of 
patriotism felt by car men and small beer venders as decora- 
tions for their horses. But it was a Jlciff^ and that flac was 
union down. That was enough for those who made it their 
business to spread the report to blind and reckless partisans. 
It was raised by an American simply to designate his nation- 
ality, but no one stopped to learn this fact. They wanted a 
demonstration, and a demonstration demanded no details. 
Without waiting to k/ioio if the story had any truth whatever 
— whether the flag was raised by an Irishman or an American 
— -the town almost instantly became the scene of great excite- 
ment. The know-nothings paraded with band and banners in 
the evening, marching through the principal streets with shouts 
of defiance to all enemies. Men since prominent in oflice fol- 



66 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Davis' Celebrated 




Its Effects are IVTasfical, 



For Headache, Neuralgia, Pains in the Head, Colds in the 
Head, Sore Throat, Weak Eyes, Deafness, and Bron- 
chitis, it is an unfailing Remedy. 

Even in the severest cases — of many years standing — its use always affords aston- 
ishing relief— and rarely fails to effect a complete and permanent cure. This remedy 
is not so powerful as effectnal. 

Many Testimonials received, bear the tenor of the following: 

Gen'l Ticket Office, B. & M. Railroad, ) 
Boston, March 23. 1867. ( 
Mr. Tapley. Dear Sir: Having derived very perceptible relief from the use of a 
single bottle of " Davis' Celebrated Catarrh Remedy," I can recommend the same as 
the most successful remedy I have yet tried for catarrh and deafness. 

J. S. EATON, General Ticket Agent. 



South Lawrence, Nov. 7, 1867. 
A. C. Tapley. Sir: — I have used Davis' Celebrated Catarrh Remedy and lind it a 
most excellent medicine. It gives almost immediate relief, and for a cold or headache 
it is equally effectual. 

.V single trial by any one afflicted with catarrh or headache, will prove it to be all 
th.at it is represented. Yours, &c., 

J. K. COLE, Principal South Grammar School. 



J^, o. 

Xo. 17 Andover St., 



PREPAR^CD BY 

T A. P L E Y, 

LAWRENCE, 31 ASS. 



Sole Proprietor for the New England' States, except Connecticut. 

Single bottles carefully packed, and sent on receipt ot price, $1 per bottle, or six 
bottles for $5. Address as above. 



For s.ale by H. M. Whitney, 151 Essex Street, Horatio Si»ith, 190 Essex Street, W. 
C. Brigham,"l30 Essex Street, Charles Clarke, 91 Essex Street, Geo. F. Talbot, corner 
of Essex and Mill Streets, Aaron Ordway, No. .W Essex Street, Noj-es & Co., Finn's 
Block, Essex Street. 

In the city of Lowell by Carleton & ITovey, No. 164 Merrimack Street, C. R. Kimball, 
corner of Central and Merrimack Streets, W. H. Dutio;in, near Mfddlesex Depot, and 
by all wholesale and retail dealers In Drugs and Medicines throughout Maine, New 
Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts and Rhode Island, and by Geo. C. Goodwin & 
Co., No. 38 Hanover Street, Boston, Mass., General Agents. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 67 



lowed the procession, filling their pockets with stones as they 
passed along, to be used in case of attack. Unfortunately, at 
that time there was an Irish blatteroon residing temporarily 
here, who had been exceedingly impudent in his talks upon 
the street. He and his friends were as defiant as the opposite 
party. When the procession reached Common, just east of 
Jackson street, it came to the house where this noisy Irish- 
man resided. And here commenced a very serious row. 
The mayor and police were upon the ground, and used their 
utmost efforts to preserve the peace. But cowardly men, 
with their pockets full of stones, could throw them in the 
darkness without being detected, and did throw them. The 
house was badly damaged, and the city ultimately paid the 
bill. No one was either killed or very seriously injured, 
though the leaders on both sides deserved to be. But this was 
not the end of the riot. Mayor Bartlett was in feeble health 
at the time of its occurrence. Exposure and over exertion ao-- 
gravated his disease, and he shortly after left the city to return 
no more. He died at his former home, in New Hampshire, in 
June, 1855. 

Mr. Bartlett was succeeded in office by Albert Warren, who 
filled the position until 1857, when he was succeeded by J. R. 
Rollins, who, after two years" service, declined a renomination, 
and was succeeded by Henry K. Oliver. Thus five years 
passed away with the city government in the hands of the 
know-nothings, and parties growing out of that organization. 
In 1859, Daniel Saunders, Jr., the democratic candidate, was 
elected. But parties again changed, and in 1861, James K. 
Barker filled the position. He was followed, in 1862 and 
1863, by William H. P. Wright. In 1864, Alfred J. French 
filled the office. In 1865, Nathaniel G. White was the citi- 
zens', and Pardon Armington the republican candidate. Lonf 
before the day of election the public sentiment was rife for a 
change. The republicans were divided and at a loss for a can- 
didate — their opponents united and unanimous for Nathaniel 
G. White. But Mr. W. had several times before reluctantly 
permitted his name to be used, and on this occasion positively 



68 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



THE INTRODUCTION OF 



Perry Davis' Pain Killer! 

TO THE SUFFERING HUMANITY OF THIS AGE, 

has Relieved more I'ain, and caused more Real Joy than any other one thing that can 

be named 1 

It is a ''Balm for every Wound." 

Our first Physicians use it, and recommend its use ; the Apothecary finds it first 
among the Medicines called for, and the Wholesale Druggist considers 
it a leading article of his trade. All the Dealers in Medicine 
speak alike in its favor; and its reputation as a Med- 
icine of Great Merit and Virtue is fully and 
permanently established, and it is 

The Great Family Medicine of the Age! 

EVERY VOLUNTEER SHOULD HAVE A BOTTLE, IN 
CASE OF SUDDEN ATTACKS IN DISEASE. 



TAKEN INTERNALLY IT CURES 

Sore Throat, Sudden Colds, Coughs, etc., Weak Stomach, General Debility, Nursing 

Sore Mouth, Cankerf Liver l.'omplaint, Dyspepsia, or Indigestion, Cramp and 

Paiu in the Stomach, Bowel Complaint, Painters' Colic, Asiatic 

Cholera, Diarrhea and Dysentery. 

TAKEN EXTERNALLY IT CURES 

Felons, Boils and Old Sores, severe Burns and Scalds, Outs, Bruises and Sprains, 

Swelling of the Joints, Ringworm and 'J'etter, Broken Breast, Frosted Feet and 

Chilblains, Toothache, Pain in the Face, Neuralgia and Kheuniatism. 

Taken internally should be administered with milk and water, and sweetened with 
sugar, if desired, or made into a syrup with Molasses. For a COUGH and BROX- 
CHITIS, a few drops on sugar, eaten, will be more effective than anything else. For a 
SOKE 'I'HRO.XT, g.irgle the throat with a mixture of Pain Killer and water, and the 
relief is immediate and cure positive. 

PKRRY BAVIS & SOM^ 

PROPRIETORS, 

74. HIGH STREET, I'llOVIDEr^rCE, H. T. 
378 ST. P»A.XJIL. S!<TrtEET, MOIVTREA.1^, O. E. 
17 SOXJTHA.]M[I»TO?«f HO^V, LOIVOOIV, :Er»ifG. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



69 



declined to run without some sort of demonstrative assurance 
that such a step was desirable on the part of a considerable 
number of influential citizens. To assure him of this, some 
of his friends volunteered to procure the signatures of several 
hundred persons who would prefer Mr. White to any other 
man. But, unfortunately for them, this matter took a differ- 
ent direction from the one intended. The bulk of the wealth 
of the city Avas decidedly in his favor, and the names thus en- 
listed indicated that a clear majority of the voters had a de- 
cided preference for him. But the appearance of the move- 
ment indicated, in the minds of many, an array of the rich 
for the coercion of the poor at the ballot box: and so obnoxious 
to the sober senses of the people is every movement looking 
in that direction, that many of Mr. White's sincere friends, 
including some who had signed these papers, went to the polls 
and voted for his opponent. The republicans, taking advan- 
tage of this mistake, dropped all other names and selected Mr. 
Pardon Armington, a mechanic, as a "poor man's" candi- 
date, and elected him by a small majority. Under his admin- 
istration some good and some bad things were done. No ad- 
ministration of the city government has ever been marked by 
more decided advances. Both branches of the council Avere 
Avith him as a unity, and the question Avith all was not so much 
hoAV are the people to pay for this or that improvement, as it 
wa3 as to the position of structures and the most elaborate 
style of architecture. The concrete Avalk along Essex street 
Avas one of the best investments CA'er made by the city. The 
noAV police court building, the high school building, and the 
heavy expenditures upon that incongruous and dangerous pile 
of brick and mortar, the Oliver school house, rendered neces- 
sary by the change of the high school from its old to a noAv 
location, leave a debt upon the shoulders of the people Avhich 
Avill cause them long to remember the administrative ability of 
the coA^ernment of 1866. Mr. Arminfj-ton declined to run for 
a second year, and Mr. Nathaniel P. H. Melvin, the demo- 
cratic candidate, was elected to succeed him. 

The people of Lawrence united with those of AndoA'er and 



70 



ADVERTISEMExVTS. 



ALLEN'S 





FOR THE CURE OF 



coisrsuMPTioisr, 

A.IV13 ^vuL. r>iSEA(SE>s 'riiA.'r lx:a.i> to it, 

— SUCH AS — 

Coughs, Neglected Colds, Pain in the Chest, and 
all Diseases of the Lungs. 



This Balsam is introduced to the auffcrinsr public after its merits for the positive cure 
of Kuch diseaseB have bten lully tented. 'I lie formula from which it is prepared 
is referred to by the leading medical journals as being equal to an}' prescrip- 
tion that can be made up, for such diseases, by the medical faculty. The Balsam is, 
consequently, recommended by physicians who have become acquainted with its great 
success. 

AS AN EXPECTORANT IT HAS NO EQUAL. 

\Ve copy the following interesting letter from Dr. Harris to the Middlebury, Vt., 
Register : 

Mn. Editor : It is only to subserve the interests of humanity that I request a short 
space in your valuable paper to inform the public what .Mien's Lung Balsam is sure to 
do. Two years ago I was attacked with a severe cold ;' it settled in my throat which 
so affected the organs of speech that I could not speak aloud for nearly six weeks. I 
got through the winter, coughing nights almost incessantly, with cold night-sweats, 
with increased irritation which extended into the bronchial tubes and which kept me 
coughing all summer. I was at Shoreham on a professional visit the past October 
when the " good Samaritan " came along, introducing .Mien's Lung Balsam into New 
England. I procured a bottle and took it according to directions, and found immediate 
relief. I have now taken two bottles, which has entirely cured me. For the last two 
years, or during the time of my affliction, I was in a state of constipation, which the 
U.tlsam has most efTectn.ally regulated. No family should be without this valuable 
medicine. I see t)y the Western papers that the physicians of Cincinnati, where the 
medicine is manufactured, are introducing it into their practice, and I have no doubt it 
will soon become a classical remedial agent for the cure of all diseases of the Throat, 
Bronchial Tubes, and the Lungs. 

N.VTH. HARRIS, M. D., Dentist. 

Dr. Harris has for over twenty years been a respected resident of Middlebury, Vt. 

HARniETTSviLr.E, O., Oct. 15, 186fi. 
Sirs — I take great pleasure in bearing testimony to the good qualities of .Mien's Lung 
Balsam, and would earnestly recommend It to all who may be afflicted with coughs, 
colds, or any dis use tending to consumption. In the winter of 186;i, after severe ex- 
p.jsure in the ar;ny of Western Virginia, I was seized with a terrible cough, which 
continued for smne four months. I used several of the medicines so highly recom- 
mended throni-'Ii the country, but all to no avail. I then consulted my physician, and 
obtained no relief, hut grew worse. I despaired of recovery, and arranged my busi- 
ness, feeling that my case was beyond the reach of medical aid, and that I must die. 
With other medicines, I received a box of Allen's Lung Balsam, and by a friend was 
induced to try it in my own case. I used only two-thirds of a bottle, when I w;is entire- 
ly cured and have not h.ad a cough since. I have no hesitation in stating that it is owing 
to the use of your excellent Lung Balsam that I am now alive and etijoying health. 
I retnaiii respectfully and gratefully vours, 

CH.VS. LLOYD, Druggist. 

SOLD BY ALL DRUQQISTS. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 71 

Metliuen in the choice of representatives until the year 1850. 
Since that time they have been represented by Morris Knowles, 
George D. Lund, Thomas Wright. Charles S. Newell. Josiah 
Osgood, E. B. Currier, Enoch Bartlett, David Wentworth, 
Enoch Pratt, Amasa Bryant, T. A. Parsons, John A. Good- 
win, T. V. Coburn. Benjamin Harding, John Gale, J. R. 
Johnson, T. W. Floyd, W. Flanders, W. Hardy, N. W. Har- 
mon, J. C. Hoadley. A. J. French, H. D. Clement. John J. 
Doland, Lemuel A. Bishop, Henry Barton, E. J. Sherman. 
William H. P. Wright, H. M. Mclntire, Albert Blood, and 
John K. Tarbox. In the constitutional convention, Charles 
S. Storrow, Henry K. Oliver, and Thomas A. Parsons repre- 
sented the people of Lawrence. 

The schools of Lawrence are the just pride of the people. 
They are divided into primary, middle, grammar, and high 
schools. The high school building now being made ready for 
dedication is one of the most beautiful structures in the state. 
It is located on the north side of the common, near the Oliver 
school house. There are two grammar schools, one on the 
south and one on the north side of the river. The primary 
and middle schools are located in such parts of the city as best 
accommodate the greatest number of pupils. The primary 
schools contain pupils of five years of age and upwards, in 
which they are taught in the simplest elements, occupying a 
course of two years or more. When duly prepared, these 
primary scholars are transferred to the middle schools, where 
they remain usually about three years, and are then trans- 
ferred to the grammar schools. The course of study in the 
grammar schools occupies about five years. The scholars are 
here taught reading, grammar, composition, arithmetic, book- 
keeping, geography, history. &c. The high school course oc- 
cupies three years, and '"includes a thorough and practical 
classical and scientific education for both sexes, with full pre- 
paration for those who desire a collegiate course. The insti- 
tution has a deservedly high reputation. These four grades 
of schools are subjected to vigorous classification and super- 
vision in order that they may form a harmonious' whole. In 



72 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



OlFICK ESTABLISHED 1837. 

DRS. A. & G. W. LAWRENCE, 

(Graduates of the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery.} 

No. 9 Jolm Street, LOWEUt MASS. 



We were the first in the city to use XITIIOUS OXYD in Extracting Teeth,— have 
the best jipp:ir;itus for geiieratiMsr the ?as— :ire quite f;imiliar with its constituentR, pro- 
perties and use, and liave therefore, the fullest confidence in its safety and effectiveness 
ill securing 

ABSOLUTE FREEDOM FROM PAIN 

in such operations as we are called upon to perform. Ether or Chloroform administer- 
ed, if preferred. 

leetl of tit Teiy lest maramftflmie 

supplied at short notice— mounted on Gold, Platinum with continuous gums. Silver, 
Rubber, &c. Also, 

TEETH PROPERLY FILLED, 

and all operations necessary for their health, beauty and preservation attended to. 
DH. G. Vr. L. WAS AWARDED THE 

SILVER MEDAL AND DIPLOMA 

at the late Fair of the Middlesex Mechanics' Association in this city, for 

" The BEST Specimens ot Dentistry," 

consisting of Plate Work and Filling. 
DR. A. L. was trwarded a Diploma by the same .Association in 18o7, for 

•SUPERIOR DENTAL FILLING.'" 

Our foes are not exorbitant, and we endeavor to oper.ite with a full understanding 
th.it our patients are. in common with the rest of the world, possessed of feelings, and 
with hearts to appreciate honest endeavors to sei-ve them. 

For further partfcniars call at the ofHce. Remember the names and locality, 
A. LA"WTlEIfCI?, M.D., D.D.S. G. "W. liA^WRENCE'p D.D.S. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE, 73 

them any child residing in the city may receive a full and en- 
tirely free education; if parents are unable to furnish the 
necessary books the expense is borne by the city under the 
direction of the superintendent." The school houses arc of 
the best possible construction, an ornament to the city and re- 
flecting generally much credit upon the wisdom and disern- 
ment of the school committee. The most palpable error was 
in the determination to build but one grammar school house 
upon the north side of the river. The territory of the city is 
something like three miles long, from east to west, consequent- 
ly children living upon the borders of the town are subjected 
to great hardships in attending this school. Two school houses, 
costing each less than one-third the sum expended upon this 
stupendous pile, would have been far more safe and convenient 
of access. The most prudent underwriters in the country re- 
fuse, most absolutely, to insure steam mills against damage by 
fire, for the reason that, sooner or later, they are certain to be 
destroyed by that element. We do not predicate a like result 
to this edifice, but there is danger of it: and should such an 
event occur during school hours, the loss to life and limb is 
frightful to contemplate. Humanity to the young demands a 
change in this respect, as a means of convenience as well as a 
measure of safety. There is one other reform in the school 
system of Lawrence which deserves consideration. The law 
demands that children under a certain age, who are employed 
in the mills, shall annually attend school for a specified time. 
Of course their old school companions who have kept on at 
school while these mill boys and girls have been at work, are 
far advanced in their studies, while the mill hands have fallen 
back even from the low position to which they had attained 
when they left school to go to work. They go back to their 
old positions among a strange set, younger than themselves. 
They do not feel happy, but become restless and uneasy — the 
school becomes irksome to them, and they stay away on shal- 
low pretexts or play truant, and are not long in obtaining bad 
characters. By another system they might maintain good 
reputations and make good improvement.. The system we 



74 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Imu bkach & so 



1* 



A 



^ya 



LA^WRENCE, MASS. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

SCOOT-IIG 411 ITOIIIG mM8, 

For Woolen Mills, Hat Manufacturers, &c. 
iartr Jotip, ^anbks, fdloto, Utids Soot @il, |cr. 



^ 



^ 



'^ 



^ 



Our House having been established upwards of twenty years, with facilities to com- 
mand the best Stock in the market, and a Manufactory perfect in every detail, under 
our constant supervision, purchasers can rely on finding the quality of all our goods 
as represented. 

Factory, Corner of Laivrence and 3Iaple Streets. 



EDMUND DAVIS & SON, 



EH 



I f ftiiini 



vy 



yi4i, 



LAAVRE:^rCE, MASS. 



ALL KINDS OF 



Furnislied to order and ^vith. despatch. 



OEDEBS BESPECTFULLY SOLICITED. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 75 

would inaugurate for this class would be the establishment of 
a school, centrally located, to be devoted specially to them and 
no one else. 

The streets of Lawrence are gradually becoming very toler- 
able thoroughfares. Their great extent, the loose materials of 
which they were originally constructed, together with the 
usually imperfect grade at which they were left by the Essex 
Company, have conspired to make the cost of repairs very ex- 
cessive. But they are now pretty fully developed in their 
proportions, and under the careful supervision of an efficient 
commissioner, we hear little complaint of imperfections. The 
recent introduction of the admirable concrete walk, as hard as 
granite and as smooth as a floor, so extensively laid down 
within a few years, adds vastly to the comfort of pedestrians 
and greatly diminishes complaints respecting the streets. Re- 
cently the same material has been adopted in street crossings, 
first with edge stones, but more recently, and with visible im- 
provement, without. The result astonishes the unbelievers 
in its utility for such a purpose", and gratifies those who could 
see no reason why the best possible system of building roads 
(McAdams'), should be liable to fail when applied in connec- 
tion with a substance that can but operate to cement it into a 
solid mass. An ordinary crossing costs the city from one to 
two hundred dollars. A concrete crossing can scarcely exceed 
half this cost. It is now being urged upon the city authori- 
ties to lay in the concrete from the south side of Essex to the 
north side of Common street, along the entire width of Law- 
rence street, for the purpose of testing its utility as a pave- 
ment. The result cannot be doubtful in the minds of intelli- 
gent men. A more imperfect material operates admirably in 
Europe, and this cannot fail so to operate here. The wisdom 
of Solomon, it is now admitted, was not displayed by our city 
government in the purchase of stone crushers, adapted only to 
places having no gravel, but plenty of ledges to be operated. 
Here we have almost exhaustless quantities of gravel and few 
ledges. The cost of every load of crushed stone put upon 
our streets has been computed at not less than three dollars. 



76 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 





#^;^";*°th"1^''^^'^ 




^oJJ'eaj^StKmslfS) BOSTOBT. 



V. O. BALCOM. 



LA.^v\^REiSrCE HOTEL, 




Transient and Perjytanejtt Boarders accoimnodated on 
thfe most reasonable terms. Good Stable accommoda- 
f:ons fur Horses and Carriages. 

255 and 257 OAK STREET, LAWRENCE, MASS. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 77 

independent of the cost of machines, which are almost as lia- 
ble to break as the stones which pass through them. The 
crusher was intended to inaugurate the McAdams system of 
road building in this city, but it failed most utterly in not as- 
sorting the stones into proper sizes, according to the McAdams 
system. But in the presence of the boulder road, built at 
enormous expense from the Turnpike to Hampshire street, 
several years ago — a road which was but a burlesque upon 
every principle of McAdamizing — in the presence of such a 
road, that made from the stone passed through the crusher 
was highly commendable. The streets of the city have never 
been properly controlled by the commissioner. The commis- 
sioner himself is under the control of a committee who either 
do not know how to build a good road or do not care to trouble 
themselves with the details of the business, and consequently 
the commissioner is often censured for the sins of omission and 
commission of this committee. With the mayor to constantly 
advise him in doubtful cases, the present commissioner would 
do more for the city than could be done with the aid of the 
whole city government at his heels. It is most plainly a case 
where there are too many cooks employed at a single skillet 
of broth. The streets of Lawrence are fifty feet Avide, with 
the exception of Essex, which is eighty — Turnpike, which is 
sixty-six — Canal, Jackson, Appleton, Common, and Haverhill 
from the Turnpike to Spring street, which are sixty feet, and 
Mechanic street, which is only forty feet. The highest eleva- 
tion between the Turnpike and Spicket river is at the corner 
of Cross and Franklin streets, which is seventy-five feet above 
the Essex Company's base line. At the corner of Essex and 
Lawrence streets it is only thirty-eight feet above that line, 
and but four feet higher than the crest of the dam. 

The bridges across the Shawsheen and the Spicket, coming 
within the limits of the city, are kept in repair by the city. 
They are some eight or ten in number. Those across the canal 
are the property of the corporations, by whom they are built 
and kept in order. The two bridges across the Merrimac, 
knoAvn as the Andover and Lawrence bridges, are the property 



78 • ADVERTISEMENTS. 



MR. RENNE, of Pittsfield, Mass., 

In experimenting with cases of Rheumatism, has discovered that a certain combination 
of Oils, with the juices of Plants, forms a medical compound, the use ol which 

CURES ALU PAtN AND tRIFLAMMATtON ! 

as water quenches fire 1 

Tie has now in his possession a large number of certificates from people ^^ right at 
home," in Pittsfield, and other towns showing the great value of his 




atic ilii 



and the more they use it, and become acquainted with its virtues " the better they like 
it." They all say 

^^Tt Wo3?ks like a. Charin.^^ 

READER ! — Renne's Pain-KIlIIng Magic Oil cures Headache ! 
Renne's Pain-Killing Magic Oil cures Toothache ! ! 
Renne's Pain-Killing Magic Oil cures Neuralgia ! ! ! 
Renne's Pain-Killing Magic Oil cures Cholera Morbus ! ! ! ! 
Renne's Pain-Killing Magic Oil cures Rheumatism ! ! ! ! I 
Renne's Pain-Killing Magic Oil cures Lameness ! ! ! 
Renne's Pain-Killing Magic Oil cures Skin Diseases ! ! 

MARK TniSl — This Magic Oil does not " set broken bones," or replace simple or 
compound fractures produced by external violence; but after your skillful surgeon hns 
reduced the dislocation, or replaced the broken bones, its use helps the healing and 
renewing process, gives the absorbents activity, subdues inflammation and furthers a 
cure wonderfully ! 

Some folks seem to be proud of telling how "lame their shoulders are" — of " ray 
crick'in the back" — or "I have got the Sciatica" — and delight in bragging that 
" nothing can cure me!" — but when we get such " awful folks" to use Kenne's Pain- 
Killing Magic Oil, faithfully, we not only cure their lameness, and charm away their 
pains, but we actuallj- take all that kind of " brag out of them !" and they frankly own 
up, and say, " It works like a charm 1" 

Why then let " pains and aches " your temper spoil. 
Your beauty lose for want Kenne's Magic Oil ? 
"Why swallow "humbugs" as young birds do food. 
When something's offered, " that is just as good ?" 

Call on your druggist or merchant, where you trade, for Renne's Pain-Killing Magic 
Oil. and it he has not got it in store, he will send for it at yonr request, and sell it to 
you .at the manufacturer's lowest price at retail. It is put up in three sizes, known as 
" Trial Size Bottles" and " Large Family Size Bottles." 

Sold by all Wholesale Druggists, and by Retail Dealers in Medicine throughout the 
country. Sold Wholesale and Retail, at the manufacturer's lowest prices, by 

QEO. F. TALBOT, Apothecary, 

Corner of Essex and Mill Streets, 
WM. RENNE, Sole Prop'r and Manuf'r, Pittsfield, Mass. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 79 

of two distinct corporations. Andover bridge was incorporated 
in March, 1793, and the bridge was completed in the Novem- 
ber following, at a cost of about $15,000. As originally con- 
structed it was 40 feet wide and 600 feet long, resting on 
abutments and piers of wood. The opening of the bridge to 
public travel was a great event in the estimation of the imme- 
diate community. A grand demonstration was made on the 
occasion. Captain Stephen Barker's company of cavalry was 
called out in "all the pomp and circumstance of war," and 
stationed as a guard at either end of the bridge to prevent 
people from crossing. A boy, named Flint, attempted to run 
past the guard and was struck with a sword, or other warlike 
implement, and killed, or so badly wounded that he died short- 
ly after. This structure, located first below the present 
bridge, stood about seven years. Abbott's History of Ando- 
ver informs us that "in 1801 a solid arch of boards was made 
across the main channel of the river, 110 feet long, which fell 
immediately." The present bridge, or that upon which the 
present bridge is based with stone abutments and piers, was 
built in 1806 and 1807. It has, of course, been several times 
rebuilt since that time. In connection with this bridge, we 
remember of having read in the Methuen Gazette^ some thirty 
or more years ago, a notice signed by Mr. Zadoc Bodwell, the 
father of Mr. Asa M. Bodwell, who now lives on the farm 
then owned by his father, announcing that he had just com- 
pleted the thorough repair of this bridge — that it was done 
with a plentiful supply of "New England oats," and that 
during the entire labor not an accident of any kind had oc- 
curred. At that time there was as much "beating of the air " 
upon the subject of temperance as there is at the present day, 
and if we remember right, the law forbade the sale of "New 
England oats," and other fancy drinks, in less quantities than 
fifteen gallons, except by certain persons or in particular cases. 
From that day to this the same abortive attempts to control 
the human taste by legislative enactments have been persist- 
ently forced upon the community without effecting the desired 
object. Honest but simple minded men still insist that the 



80 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



AIS Tl^@St 



FOR THE 

RENOVATION OF THE HAIR. 



The Great Desideratum of the Age 




A dressing which is at- ouee agreeable, healthy, and eflfectual 
for preseri'iiig the hair 

Faded or Gray Hair is soon Restored to its 

Original Color and the Gloss and - 

Freshness of Youth. 

Thin hair is thickened, falling hair checked, and baldness often, 
though not always, cured by its use. Nothing can restore the 
hair when the follicles are destroyed, or the glands atrophied and 
decayed. But such as remain can be saved for usefulness by this 
application. Instead of fouling the hair with a pasty sediment, 
it will k^ p It ( U in and vigorous. Its occasional use will prevent the hair from turn- 
ing gray or ft \lling off, and consequently prevent baldness. Free from these deleterious 
substances which make some preparations dangerous and injurious to the hair, the 
Vigor can only benefit but not harm it. If wanted merely for a 

IIA.IIi DUESSIISTG, 

uothing else can be found so desirable. Containing neither oil nor dye, it does not soil 
white cambric, and yet lasts longer on the hair, giving it a 

RIOI-I G-LOSSY LUSTRE 

AND A GRATEFUL PERFUME. 

PREP.\RED BY 

BR. J. C AYHR ^ CO.^ 

PRACTICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS, 
LOWELL. MASS. 

PEICE, $1.00 

SOLO BV H. M. WHlTNEVt LAWRENCE, 

and by all I>puggists and Dealers in Medicines everywhere. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 81 

power to stop the use of these liquors rests with the majority, 
while they would indignantly deny the right of the majority 
to enact a law making it the imperative duty of every man 
to drink a gill or pint of li(|Uor per day. And yet it would 
be difficult to determine which proposition was the most ab- 
surd and useless, or which really possessed the most solid claim 
upon the public respect or observance. The Lawrence bridge 
was chartered in 1854, and opened to public travel on the 8th 
of November, 1855, the proprietors celebrating the event by 
a dinner at the Franklin House. Both the Andover and Law- 
rence bridges are kept in the most thorough repair, and proba- 
bly pay good dividends to the stockholders. A movement is 
noAv on foot to make them both free by purchase. The propo- 
sition, as we understand it, is, that the county comnissioners 
shall apportion to the towns most interested the amount which 
each shall pay towards this object. If their decision is ap-* 
proved by the people of these towns, then the bridges are to 
become forever free. The object is a desirable one, and we 
presume that no one, here or elsewhere, will interpose the 
slightest objection to an equitable arrangement to this end. 

During the hard times of 1857, an invention of incalculable 
importance to the moral and physical world was brought out in 
this city by two of the employes of the "late lamented" Law- 
rence Machine Shop. We allude to the stemn fire engine. The 
inventors were Mr. Thomas Scott, now superintendent of the 
McKay Sewing Machine Works, in this city, and Mr. N. S. 
Bean, now at the Araoskeag Machine Shop, in ISLanchester, 
N. H., where these steamers are constructed. It is due here 
that we should say. respecting the steam fire engine, that the 
invention of Messrs. Scott & Bean was by no means the only 
one brought out at that precise period. The stagnation in 
business had cast many excellent mechanics, all over the coun- 
try, out of employment, and, singularly enough, we find evi- 
dences of their skill in the production of steam fire engines 
in several places at the same time. So nearly were those ma- 
chines alike that, when viewed separately, it was hard to de- 
termine which merited the public patronage; and it was only 



82 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



LIVERY, HACK, AND 




Cor. Essex and Jackson Streets, 

LAWRENCE, MASS. 



FUNERALS AND WEDDING PARTIES supplied with Hacks and careful drivers 
at a moment's notice. 

Our facilities for supplying the riding public cannot be excelled. Terms as low as 
the lowest. 

fi®~ Board by the Day or Week on reasonable terms. 







VISTHRIMARY SHRdl 

HIGH STREET SQUARE, LOWELL, MASS., 

Treats all diseases of Horses, Tattle, and the lower animals; performs surgical opera- 
tions; cures all curable cases of spavin, ringbone, curb, splents and the like. Orders 
promptly answered. Address by mail or telegraph as above directed. Refers to all 
well-known horsemen in New England. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 83 

when they were brought together in a test of capacity at 
drafting and discharging water that the palm was awarded to 
the Lawrence machine. The first one built here Avas called 
the Lawrence, and this Avas purchased by the city of Boston, 
after the severest tests which could be conceived by critical 
engineers, had been put upon it. At the time this machine 
came out, men of reflection and discernment looked upon the 
organization of the firemen in the large cities as one to be 
feared, and yet one that must not only be endured, but petted 
and supported with as much care as any in the country. It 
was an indispensable evil, which was growing daily worse and 
worse. The advent of the steamer was therefore looked upon 
by all good citizens as a blessing to property owners and un- 
derwriters and a powerful advocate in the cause of morality 
and order. But its construction was one thing, its introduc- 
tion into use another. While the firemen may have admired 
it as a novelty, they were slow to confess that it could do as 
much as the "Niagaras" and "Cataracts" and "Torrents" 
with which they ran and/o/* which they howled and yelled so 
vociferously. Trial after trial- took place, the steamer pump- 
ing into the hand engines and the hand engines discharging 
the water. These trials were usually stipulated to continue 
fifteen minutes, thus indicating that the engineers were satis- 
fied that the hand machines stood no chance in a longer con- 
test. If by herculean efibrts the firemen succeeded in dis- 
charging the water without being "washed,'" even though 
working through open buts, no engineer ever suggested to 
"Mose" either the impropriety or folly of howling at his 
victory over tireless steam and impassive iron. Even after 
the great trial on Boston Common, where the little "Law- 
rence" competed with four other machines of heavier con- 
struction and far more elaborate finish, and achieved a signal 
triumph, the city authorities of Boston feared to purchase her. 
They had previously purchased the "Miles Greenwood," a 
cumbersome machine of more than doubtful utility, and had 
expended vast sums to put her in working order, without suc- 
cess, and they were fearful that they might be bitten again if 



84 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Passenger and Exchange Agent, 

:N^0. 5 APPLETOX STEEET, 



Manufacturers of all kinds of 







M ti 



FOR 



BRAIDS OF VARIOUS KINDS, 



CORDS AND TASSELS, FLOSS, KEPT, ZEPHYR, 
GENAP, LASTINGS, &c., 

Mill on Spicket Lower Falls, foot of Garden St., 

LAWREllSrCE, MASS. 

B. F. HALiLi^S 

Oyster and Dining Saloon, 

KG. 51 ESSEX STREET, 

LA WBEXCE, 3IASS. 

All kinds of Confectionery, &c, Cakes of all kinds, Ice Creams, Jellies and Fruits. 
;KS- Parties and Families snpplied to order, with despatch. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 85 

they purchased the Liuvrenee, and it was only after Mr. Scott 
offered to sell her at a given price, and man and run her for a 
year, making all needed repairs at his own expense, that they 
concluded to close the bargain. Soon the Amoskeag Company 
purchased the invention and entered upon the manufacture of 
fire engines after the pattern of the Lawrence. Thus dawned 
the age of steam, and the bright beams of unobstructed sun- 
light were not long in dispelling all the illusions and prejudices 
respecting steam fire engines. One by one the old machines 
were sold to poor country villages, at a discount from ordinary 
second hand wares of that kind, and in their place came the 
tireless laborer, whose power can exhaust one element in sub- 
duing another. The past fifty years have brought out many 
important and useful inventions, but among them all it would 
be difficult to name one whose silent influences are more wor- 
thy of world-wide thanksgiving than this one of the steam 
fire engine. 

The fire department of Lawrence is undoubtedly one of the 
most complete to be found in any city of the country. Early 
in the commencement of their enterprises here, the Essex 
Company purchased, at their own expense, a fire engine, which 
was called the '"Essex." This Avas manned by workmen in 
the employ of the company, Mr. Henry Goodell, under whose 
supervision the boarding houses on the turnpike were built, 
beinor foreman. The first fire to which this machine was 
called was on "the Plains," whither the Essex went bounding 
along through the sand as rapidly as possible. She was "just 
in season to be too late," the fire having been extinguished 
before her arrival. Most, if not all the firemen, were new 
hands at managing engines, and Captain Goodell was not an 
exception. He carried his speaking trumpet, and evidently 
supposing that it was a part of his duty to give his orders to 
his men through that lungless instrument, made a most ludi- 
crous display of his ability in that direction, to the infinite 
amusement of those who had aided in working engines in other 
places, and others who had seen and "knew the ropes." The 
Essex was soon followed by other engines of larger capacity, 



86 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



SALEM, LYN'N, 




AND 



m^ 



wg^^m^ 



OFFICES 



For Boston and Lynn, twice Daily. For Salem, three times Daily. 

J XO. 2 AI'PLF/PON STREET, .... LAWREXOE- 

NO. 5 OOXaUKSS 8QIT.\KK. .... BOSTOX- 



X^O. HI WAsniXGTON STllEET, 
NO. 2 CEXTKAL SQUARE, 



SALEM. 
LYXX. 



J^. y^. GOODRICH. 



Hifaliliias -WmA 



155 ELM STREET, 



LAWRENCE, MASS. 




Has manufactured Coffins in 
Lawrence over twenty years. He 
keeps the best assortment of 

Coffins, Caskets, Shrouds 

Plates, and Coffin 

Trimmings, 

(both gold and silver plated,) to be 
found ill this city or vicinity, and 
sells at very low prices. Also two 
good Hearses and Carriages fiir- 
nislied if desired, .\ttends to any 
duty connected with his business 
day or niarlit if necessary. Coffuis 
deii-ered within five miles free of 
expense. Shop and Residence, 



155 ELM STREET, LAWRENCE, MASS. 



V'- ■ 



Wholesale and Retnil Dealer in Foreign and Domestic 

m 



.^v.^;^. fmiiiB 



'■r«^/^^>>Fj^^ Pickles, Preserves, Condiments, 
f ;*^-:,\r%',^M confp:ctionery, cigars, &c, 

109 Central St.. Lowell, Mass. 



V' 



4^'^ 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



and by hose and hook and ladder companies, until, at the in- 
troduction of the steam fire engines, the fire department of 
the city numbered some three hundred men. The steam fire 
engine being a creation of the mechanical skill of the city, and 
having been tried here time and again, experimentally, alone 
and in connection with the hand engines, before a sale was ef- 
fected of the first machine in Boston, not only those connected 
with the fire department, but the citizens generally, had be- 
come familiar with the power and endurance of this machine, 
and every right thinking man had early learned justly to ap- 
preciate its efficiency. Hence it was not long after the com- 
mencement of their manufacture at Manchester before one was 
ordered for this city. This was followed by another, and 
pretty soon all the hand engines were displaced, and the city 
now has four steamers of the best construction of their class. 
The money invested in land, buildings, engines, reservoirs, 
etc., connected with the fire department of Lawrence at the 
close of the municipal year 1866, was .^71,873. The fire ap- 
paratus comprises 4 engines, with over 6000 feet of hose at- 
tached to their accompanying hose carriages — 1 hose carriage 
under the charge of a distinct company, with 3700 feet of hose 
— 1 hook and ladder carriage — 56 hydrants, covering, with 
the aid of the vast length of leading hose, almost the entire 
compact part of the city — 13 reservoirs, located at the most 
accessible points of the city for efiiciency, in sections not ac- 
cessible to the hydrants. Besides these public conveniences 
for subduing fires, there are connected with all the mills a 
still more efficient apparatus — more efficient because more ac- 
cessible and readily brought into action in case of need. That 
the public may know something of the vast outlay in this line, 
we will take for example the Pacific Mills. Here we find 7540 
feet of hose, 33 double and 110 single hydrants, distributed 
in the various parts of the works, both inside and outside the 
walls of the mills, 88 barrels and over 1600 pails constantly 
full of water, in different parts of the mill, for instant use in 
case of fire — 2 hose carriages, capable of carrying 700 feet 
of hose each — one ladder carriage, with 320 feet of ladders — 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



J. W. QEORQE & CO., 

Metimen, Lawrence, 




bostojN" express. 



OFFICES: Railrond Exohango, 32 Court Square, Boston; No. 3 Lawrence Street, 
Lawrence; John Low's Store. Methnen. 

Leaves Metliuen at 7 and 11 a. m. Lawrence, 7.15 A. M., and 12 m. Leaves Boston, 
11.30 a. m. and 4.30 p. m. 

J. W. GEORGE. JOHN F. COGSWELL. 



r 



Wliolesale and Retail Dealer in 




Has constantly on hand THE BEST BRANDS OF 



FLOUR, 

MEAL, 

CORN. 

OATS, 

RYE. 

BARLEY, 

BUCKWHEAT, 



SCREENINGS, 
SHORTS, 
F. FEED, 
GRASS SEED, 
MIDDLINGS, 
BONE MEAL. 
RICE MEAL. 



OIL MEAL. 
B. W. FLOUR. 
RYE FLOUR. 
RYE MEAL. 
GRAHAM MEAL 
OAT MEAL, 
Hay and Plaster. 



LAWRENCE, MASS. 

Hl. PEXJMMER & CO., 

Whok'snlo and Retail Dealers in all kinds of 

Long Rumber, Clapboards, Shingles, 

LATHS, FENCE POSTS, PICKETS, &c. 

Dimension Lumher furnished at short notice. 

Office, Corner of Essex and Turnpike Streets, near the 
Passenger Depot, Lawrence, Mass. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 89 

9316 feet of pipe, from 2 to 8 inch, and 17,974 feet of pipe 
from 1 1-4 to 2 inch, the smaller being "sprinkler pipe," to- 
gether with steam and other pumps capable of discharging 
2817 gallons of water per minute. In all the large fires near 
the mills the mill apparatus has thus far been found an essen- 
tial aid to the fire department of the city. Since the city was 
organized there have been a considerable number of very heavy 
fires, by which a large amount of property has been destroyed, 
and it Avas our hope to be able to get at not only tlie number 
of fires and the amount of property destroyed, but the amount 
of insurance, from the commencement to the present time, 
from the records of the fire department: but these accounts, 
in the early days of the city, were so loosely kept, if indeed 
they were kept at all, that no reliable approximation can be 
made to this end. It is but recently that anything approach- 
ing to order or system has been observed in this department. 
Previous to the year 1854, we can find no record whatever. 
From 1854 to 1858, we find a record of the number of alarms 
and an estimate of the loss. From 185^ to 1863, we find only 
the number of alarms: but from 1863 to the present time, 
there has been more method observed in this important par- 
ticular. From 1854 to 1863, there were 168 alarms. From 
1854 to 1858, about .^40,000 worth of property was destroy- 
ed. From 1863 to 1867, there were 66 alarms, a loss of 
$461,309 worth of property, and an insurance of ,$-322,279. 
We are under obligations to Mr. Benjamin Booth, chief engi- 
neer, not only for the main and most reliable items in this 
line, but as a citizen, for the more careful preservation of facts 
connected with his department of the administration of the 
city government, which may some day be of very great inter- 
est to the community. One of the most disastrous fires that 
has ever occurred in the city broke out on the 15th of August, 
1859, in what was then known as the "United States Hotel," 
which was located where the store of Mr. Sharpe now stands, 
on Essex, between Appleton and Jackson streets. That struc- 
ture soon went down, killing in its fall two very worthy and 
promising young men. From this the fire spread east, de- 



90 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



CO OFBR^ S 

Boston and Lawrence 




TWO TRIPS DAILY EACH WAY. 

OFFICES: 

No. 10 Court Square, Boston. No. 5 Appleton Street, Lawrence. 



219. 




219. 



ROBERT BOTHER, 



liM 



And Dealer in 



PERIODICALS AND STATIONERY, 

219 ESSEX STKEET, 219 



LAWRENCE. 



DR. CUTTER'S 

Chest Expanding Suspenders and 
Shoulder Braces, 

Improved and Patented by Geo. W. Walker, January 31, 1865. 
The Original Eureka Suspenders which are the best in the market. Dr. Cutter's 
Abdominal Supporters for female weakneeg. 

MANUFACTURED ONLY BT 

CUTTER & WALKER, 48 Central St., Lowell, Mass. 

Orders by mail or express punctually attended to. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 91 

stroying one or two stores, and west to Appleton street, de- 
stroying what was then known as "Church Block," embracing 
the Second Congregational church, with the stores under the 
same, and thence, traversing north, it carried down the court 
house. The Unitarian church was set on fire by the sparks 
and cinders, and was very badly damaged. The day was op- 
pressively hot and the firemen suffered intensely. — Twice, since 
they were first erected, the repair shops of the Boston, and 
Maine Railroad Company, on the south side of the river, have 
gone down by fire, involving the company in heavy loss. Both 
of these fires are attributed to spontaneous combustion. The 
first occurred in the evening, the last on Sunday, at about 2 
o'clock in the afternoon. The buildings in the "Essex Com- 
pany's lumber yard" have been burned out several times, in- 
volving heavy loss in the aggregate, but so divided among 
individuals and carefully covered by insurance, as not to have 
seriously affected the business of the city. The burning of 
the steam mill of Wilson & Allen was probably the cause of 
more consternation than any fire that has occurred in the 
city, except that of Church Block, and the appalling fire 
among the ruins of Pemberton Mills, detailed more fully in 
its appropriate place. The weather at the time was very dry, 
and everything combustible was like tinder. The wind was 
about north-east, and blowing fresh. The mill, formerly the 
meeting house, which stood on the hill near the farm of Mr. 
Fairfield White, in Methuen, was a large building, two stories 
high, and filled, from base to attic, with combustible materials. 
The brisk wind carried the burning coals high into the air, 
and scattered them all along in the track and upon the roofs 
of buildings, to Tower Hill. The hills on either side of 
Lowell street, as far west as the lot where Mr. George W. 
Horn is now erecting his dwelling house, were soon all ablaze, 
and there was scarcely a roof between this point and the fire 
that did not need constant watching and Avetting to prevent 
increased destruction. Fortunately ladders and water were 
plenty, and every building west of the railway was saved. 
Several wooden workshops between the mill and the railway 



92 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



^Boston and Lawrence 




E 2s: :f I?. E s s - 

TWO TJ^II^S DAILY EACH WAY. 

OI^JPICEH: 

36 Court Square, Boston. 14 Atkinson Block, Lawrence. 

WHEELER & CHURCHILL, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 



tllJLJiJ 



^m eiyiy 




ga 



FEED, OATS 



AND 



Cor. Common and Turnpike Streets, 

LAWRENCE, MASS. 

FRANK E. WHEELER. J. E. CHURCHILL. 

FEAHIMI H©lil, 

OPPOSITE PASSENGER DEPOT. 



T. W. HUSE, Proprietor. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 93 

went down, and the large carriage manufactory of Gen. Gale 
was saved only bj the most untiring exertions. 

The calamities of Lawrence, independent of those which be- 
fall all the world in the form of financial revulsions and the 
ravages of fire, though not numerous, have been perhaps more 
appalling than any by which the nerves of an American com- 
munity have ever been shocked. The first of these, worthy 
of special note, was the accident at the dam on tiie 12th of 
October, 1847. At the time this accident occurred, about 
300 feet of the dam on the south side, and 100 feet on the 
north side of the river, had been finished, the water mean- 
while running over the part unfinished. It now became neces- 
sary to shut out the water from the unfinished part by means 
of a coifer dam, in order that the unfinished portion could be 
carried up to a level with the two wings. The unfinished 
space was about 500 feet long. The timbers of the coffer dam 
were all in position, and braced, as was supposed, securely, 
and workmen were engaged in putting down flash boards, by 
which the water was to be raised to a sufiicient bight to flow 
over the finished portion, leaving its old bed dry. Mr. L. M. 
Wright had charge of the wood work on the dam, under the 
immediate supervision of Captain Bigelow, the chief engineer. 
Both were present at the time, aiding in all confidence as to 
the strength of their structure in putting down plank after 
plank, until the accumulating waters had nearly reached the 
elevation desired, when, in an instant, that portion of the 
structure upon which they were engaged rose upon the sur- 
face of the water, and fifteen men were swept, amid the broken 
timbers, by the rush of the fearful flood, upon the rocks some 
twenty-five feet below. At the time of this accident every 
nerve was exerted to its utmost to raise the water to the proper 
level to supply power to the Bay State mills, then nearly 
completed, and ready in some parts for the machinery. Every 
person in town was looking forward to this desirable consum- 
mation with high hopes of future business. The accident was 
therefore felt as a personal as much as a public calamity. The 
fact that it had occurred flew over the town as by an electric 



94 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



?i 



:4®wi< 



LIFE, FIRE AND ACCIDENT 



For the following first-class Companies : 

SECURITY, • New York. - - (Assets) 

PHCEXIX, Harlford, Ct., 

HOME, New Haven, Ct., 

HOWARD, Boston, 

SUFFOLK, Boston, 

COMMERCE, Albany, N. Y., 

NORWICH, Norwich, Ct., 

NORTH AMERICA, New York, 
NORTH AMERICA, Hartford, Ct., 
NARRAGANSETT, Providence, R. I. 
QUINCY MUTVAL, cash assets, 
CONN. MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO., accumulated capital, 
50 per cent, dividends paid annually 



'f)i 




$1,430,000 

1,061,000 

1,179,000 

273,000 

247.000 

581,000 

406,000 

727,000' 

382,000 

596,000 

200,000 

12,000,000 



142 Essex Street, Lawrence, Mass. 



MANUFACTURER OF IMPROVED 



® _ 

Ef 1 1 



11 1 



mm 



f 



FOR 



Loom Harnesses and Rotary Sewing 
Machines. 

BANDING FOR SPINNING OF VARIOUS SIZES. 

of every description for Cotton and Woolen. Also, 

MANUFACTURERS' SUPPLIES, 

FURNISHED TO ORDER. 

NO. 96 MIDDLE STREET, LOWELL, MASS. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



95 



spark, and all classes rushed anxiously to the scene, with an 
interest as eager as though friends and fortunes were involved 
in it. When the coflFer dam gave way, Captain Bigelow, Mr. 
AVright, and several others, were in a scow, in which they made 
the frightful plunge. The scow swayed round in the current 
and passed over end foremost. Just as she was making the 
plunge, two men leaped out and saved themselves upon that 
portion of the coffer dam which remained firm. Another man 
leaped fi'om the stern of the boat directly into the falling cur- 
rent and came out safe. The end of the scow plunged with 
terrible force upon the bed rock, sending its freight of men 
and tools with great velocity into the river. Two men were 
killed, two were very seriously and three slightly injured. 
Captain Bigelow came very near losing his life. He was so 
badly injured as to be unable to assist himself, and was only 
saved by the utmost exertions of Mr. Wright. In half an 
hour after the first break, and at a point where some thirty men 
were engaged when the first break occurred, another section of 
the coffer dam gave way. Had this section given way at the 
same time of the other, the loss of life would undoubtedly have 
been fearful, as the men were at work upon the frame work 
below the crest of the coffer dam. This circumstance was re- 
garded as a special providence by many people. But there 
Avas a still more marked interposition of providence in the 
minds of many in the result of this accident. At the time it 
occurred -a long continued rain, extending over a wide expanse 
of country, had just ceased, and the river was then about three 
feet above its ordinary pitch, and rising rapidly. By the next 
morning the freshet was very heavy, and swept with most ma- 
jestic power through thfe gap it had made for itself the day be- 
fore. Persons competent to form a correct judgment in such 
matters estimated that the finished portion of the dam, over 
which it was designed to throw this torrent, would have been 
wholly inadequate to discharge it, and that the wing walls of 
the dam would have been buried to the depth of about three 
feet in the surging flood, and all the lower portion of the town 
been swept out in the dead of night. Frightful as the acci- 



96 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



standard Medical Preparations. 




M|ltEWEl^ 



i-PlMiS: 



'^MEWEljAj;; 



l^a(3HREM^ 



HUNNEWELL'S UNIVERSAL COUGH REMEDY. 

By advortisinsf it is expected to jjain a notorietj', than ■which, no form is better, but 
it is on Trtie Character alone that sales must rely. It is presumed that the contrast of 
this splendid preparation, its simplicity, and the freedom with which it may be used 
■whenever there is the least tickline or irritation in the throat, in contrast with old 
forms, in wliicli components are sucli, that doses are restrained to two or three times a 
day, is perfectly apparent, and is as truly </ie theory, as Hunnem-ell's I'niversal 
Cough Remedy is valuable, wliich T^h years have most clearly proved. Whooping 
Cough, Hoarseness, Coughs, Coi.ds, Sore Throat, and all complaints, which, if 
neglected, end in Consumption , are its work to cure or relieve, to which the most un- 
doubted testimonials, which may be seen at my oflice, fully coroborate. LARGE BOT- 
TLED, 50 CENTS; SMALL do., 2.5 CENTS. 

HUNNEWELL'S TOLU ANODYNE. 

The importance of this truly reliable and valuable preparation is now fully acknowl- 
eds<ed, receiving the most free approbation of I'hysicians, and in which the true name 
of Anodipte is perfectly apparent, that in advertising, its true character is only to be 
given, which I ask all who have not witnessed its great curative power, to accept with 
confidence. 

It is the true remedy for Keuralpia, Tic Doloreii.r, Rheumatism, Sriaflca, Tooth 
and Ear Ache, Hendache, Painful Menstruation, Amenorrhi-a,Dismenon-hf'a, Deliri- 
um. Tremens, Spinal Complaints, Loss of Sleep, and as a mild and gentle opiate to all 
Nervous .Affections. 

In \8thma, it has been eminently successful. In Heart Complaints, a very potent 
remedy. PRICE, 50 CENTS PER BOTTLE. 

HUNNEWELLS ELECTIC PILLS. 

e greatest trait 
Fami _ 
Could 

■would De Touna in me eiionnuuf uniiiiiuiai cnui u» uMiig rjMs or any memcine mat 
Gripes in action. Griping is semi-dysentery, and a moment's thought will show what 
a continued use must necessarily end in. 





HUNNEWELL'S CONSUMPTIVE REMEDY. 

Can Consumption be CrRF.n? is the often asked question, to which the answer is 
emphatically, Yes 1 YesI! if those to whom I can refer, and from those whose testi- 
monials can be seen at my office, are evidence. Noticing what seemed to me a great 
error, in treating most cases without regard to origin, was the cause of my interest in 
the above named valuable preparation, and I am convinced that Consumption iu most 
forms lias found a conqueror. 

By using the Consumptive Remedy by the directions, and with it the Universal 
Cough Remedy to check every tendency to cough, most decided cases are now living 
evidences of the fact that Consumption can be cured ! 

The most free correspondence, or interview solicited. 

«S~ Price, One Dollar per Bottle ; Six Bottles, Five Dollars. Dealers supplied at 
wbolesale prices. ' 

The above standard and perfectlj- reliable Medical Preparations are for sale by all 
Dealers in Medicine. 

JOHN L. HUNNEWELL, Prop'r. Practical Chemist, 
97 COMMERCIAL STREET, - - - - BOSTON, MASS. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE, 97 

dent Avas, and accompanied as it was bj heavy pecuniary and 
personal losses, it sinks into utter insignificance in the pres- 
ence of a contemplation of the result which would have fol- 
lowed the consummation of the labors of those who were swept 
dismayed and powerless before the rising and relentless flood. 
We are not aware that any reliable data is extant to verify 
the assumption that such a result would have followed. We 
only remember distinctly that the freshet was one of the se- 
verest that has occurred for the past twenty years. The ordi- 
nary flow of water at the overfall is from one to two feet. Six 
feet of water upon the crest of the dam is about an ordinary 
freshet. The heaviest freshet in the past twenty years was in 
April, 1852, when the highest pitch of water was just ten 
feet upon the crest of the dam. This freshet washed out the 
abutment of the bridge and carried away the toll house on the 
south side of the river, and the water reached, at intervals, 
the wood work on the railway bridge. The alarm in the city, 
in anticipation of an overflow of the wing walls, was very 
great, and so imminent was the danger in the estimation of 
the careful engineers of the Essex Company, that a train of 
cars and a large number of teams were run night and day, in- 
cluding, we think, the Sabbath, in conveying earth for an em- 
bankment to protect the town. Since that time, as a precau- 
tionary measure against the recurrence of this danger. Cause- 
way street has been raised and connected by a dike with the 
winjr walls of the dam. which have also been increased some 
three or four feet in higlit. In 1863, the water reached nine 
feet, or within one foot of the great flood. Between 1849 and 
1863, distinct from the cases named, the water was on two occa- 
sions up to a point over eight feet, five times up to seven feet 
and over, and eight times up to six feet and over. The over- 
fiill is about nine hundred feet in length. Taking, therefore, 
the freshet of 1847 at the lowest of these figures, and reducing 
the overfall to four hundred feet, it is evident that but for the 
accident upon the dam, the town would have suffered fearfully 
from the flood. 

13 



98 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



LOUIS WEIL & CO., 



TIIE WELL-KNOWN DEALERS IN 






m ire 



AND 



Gents' Fiirnishing Goods, 

NOS. 55 & 56 ESSEX ST., 

LAWRENCE, 

We thank our friends for their past liberal patronage, and trust they will continue 
to do so in the future. 

We keep constantly on hand the Largest Stock of Ready-Made Men's and Boys' 

CLOTHtNGt OENTS^ FOnNtSHmO GOODS, 

TRUNKS, VALISES, CARPET BAGS, 

LINED AND UNLINED 

Buffalo RoTdgs, English Carriage Rotes, 

HORSE BLANKETS, BUCK GL0\T:S, miBRELLAS, 

and in fact everything required in a 

FIKST-CLASS CLOTHING HOUSE. 

We keep the best assortment of the latest styles in this city, and to satisfy yourself 
call and see us before purchasing elsewhere, 

LOUIS "WEIIm a GO.^ 

55 & 56 ESSEX ST., LAWRENCE, MASS. 

LOUIS WEIL, FRANK E. DAT. LEON A. GINGRAS. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 99 

We turn from the contemplation of " what might have 
been" a calamity, to one of the most heart-rending events 
that has ever transpired upon this continent. On the 10th of 
January, 1860, at 13 minutes to 5 o'clock, in the afternoon, 
the Pemberton Mill, without a moment's warning, fell to the 
earth. The mill was five stories high, eighty-four feet wide, 
and two hundred and eighty feet long. The first story was 
devoted to weaving, the second to carding, the third to spin- 
ning, the fourth to carding, spinning and drawing in, and the 
fifth to dressing, warping, spooling, winding and reeling. 
The mill, and property pertaining to it, originally cost ,^800,- 
000. It was started up in 1853, and continued in operation 
until 1857, when it became deeply involved, suspended work, 
and was sold at auction on the 8th day of February, 1859, to 
Messrs. George Howe, of Boston, and David Nevins, of Me- 
thuen, for $325,000, the purchase including not only all 
the mill property and machinery, but all the stock manu- 
factured and in process at the time of sale. No mill in Law- 
rence was better protected from fire, nor was any mill in the 
city considered more substantial or secure in any respect. In 
the opinion of all it was the model mill of the city. It was 
insured, at the lowest rate at which such property is taken, 
for the sum of $415,000. At the time of the calamity, as 
near as can be ascertained, about seven hundred persons were 
employed in the building. Miraculous as it may seem, more 
than five-sixths of these were rescued from the ruins, very 
many of them more or less severely wounded. About one 
hundred lost their lives. It would be utterly useless to at- 
tempt an adequate description of the scene throughout the 
fcity consequent upon this accident. The fall was almost in- 
stantaneous. Immediately a wail went forth from all behold- 
ers, which, at a distance, was mistaken for a simultaneous cry 
of fire. The dust which rose upon the moist still atmosphere 
from the fallen walls, filling it like a cloud, favored this delu- 
sion. The direction, to those at a distance, indicated that a 
terrible fire had broken out at either the Washington or Pem- 
berton. The rush to the spot was immense. Stepping into a 



100 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 






Ph 



Ki 




o 


H 




W 


-1 


Kj 


tr^ 




tr^ 




!^ 


O 


W 


tzj 


<! 




H ^ 


fel 


^ § 





o 
1^ 



This new and excellent preparation is, and proves to be, the best and most beneficial 
article for the Hair ever invented. The only Wliampoo in existence that will leave the 
Hair soft and smooth after using. Creates a pleasant sensation during the operation. 
Cleanses the head thoroughly without soap or water and leaves the hair soft and moist. 
Price, %\ per bottle. Try one bottle and you will never use any other. 

J. MEDINA, G-eneral Agent, 

105 ESSEX STREET, and 7 JACKSON STREET. 

SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS. 



KDIIVr A^ 




Manufacturer of and Dealer in 




^ HUMAN HAIR WORK, 



Switches, Curls, Wigs, Front Pieces, Bands of every length, and every article belong- 
ing to the Hair Trade. 
French Extracts, Oils, Soaps, Cosmetics, Brushes and Combs constantly on hand. 

NO. 105 ESSEX AND 7 JACKSON ST., LAWRENCE. 



HISTORY or LAWRENCE. 101 

sleigh, we were driven rapidly to the scene, but even before 
reaching a point where the extent of the disaster could be re- 
alized, it became painfully evident that something even . more 
terrible than a fire had occurred. The deep toned lamenta- 
tions of the wounded and the friends of operatives who had 
reached the point before us, were truly terrible to hear; nor 
was there a diminution in those cries. They came upon the 
ear from all sides — from the mother, mourning for her child, 
the child for its parents, the wife for her husbaftd, and from 
the multitude in behalf of crushed and suffering humanity. 
It Avas at an hour when the gray twilight was fast shading into 
darkness, and it soon became necessary to illuminate the scene 
by bonfires in the yard, between the fallen Pemberton and the 
Duck Mill. Those Avho were not injured, as they came forth 
from the ruins into the dim fire-light, were as pale as walking 
corpses, from the effects of fright; but the wounded and the 
dead, in many cases, presented most ghastly spectacles. The 
wounded were taken immediately to a temporary hospital at 
City Hall, where mattresses were placed to receive them. Few 
persons, except the physicians and nurses, were admitted to 
the hall, but a dense throng filled the street, the steps, the 
lower floor, and the stairway; a body of police guarding the 
door to prevent the crowd from entering the hall. The scene 
inside bafiles all effort at description. The imagination is bet- 
ter fitted than the pen to picture the mental and physical suf- 
fering, the moaning and cries of wounded and dying, and the 
anguish of relations at the suffering or death of those they 
loved. 

From the instant the mill fell, brave and resolute men set to 
work to relieve those who were confined among the machinery 
and rubbish. For six hours this work was unremitting. All 
were anxious to do what they could to this end, but a lack of 
organization of effort rendered these labors less effective than 
they should have been. But the community Avas panic strick- 
en. The question seemed more what can / do than what is 
best to be done. It was a time when a calm and resolute 
leader, comprehending the magnitude of the calamity, and 



102 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



J. W. NASH & CO., 



DEALERS IN 



wsir A®Ei, 



f 




PARLOR, OFFICE, AND 

^'^OKING ST 




^V\^OODEN ^V^^^RE. 



AND 



NO. 105 CENTRAL STREET, 

Agents for Stewart's Parlor Stoves 
and A. C. Barstow's Castings. 

B^ PUMP WORK AND REPAIRING DONE TO ORDER. ..^ 



HISTORY OP LAWRENCE. 103 

anticipating the time when exhausted nature must relinquish 
these efforts, might have inspired the suffering with renewed 
hope, hj a judicious selection, under competent leaders, of 
working parties, to be relieved once in two hours, and exclud- 
ing all others from blocking the way to the most effective ef- 
fort. But the time for reflection on this point was short. At 
11 o'clock, the engines, which had come to the scene in antic- 
ipation that the fallen building might take fire, were called 
into action. The fearful event had occurred. A lantern had 
been broken and set the ruins on fire. Smoke was seen to 
issue from the south end of the building, and it increased, 
slowly at first, but yet surely, in spite of every effort of the 
firemen to check it. The position of the floors was such as 
to shed water like a roof, without reaching the fire. Fifteen 
or twenty streams, enough to deluge any building in the city, 
were poured upon it in a vain hope of checking the flames. 
But they marched right on in their work of desolation, stead- 
ily and surely. In about an hour the devouring element had 
made its way a little north of the center of the mill, from 
which point its progress was rapid. In a few minutes the en- 
tire mass was a sheet of flame. It was known that at the 
time the fire commenced many poor creatures were still con- 
fined among the broken lumber and machinery. There was 
for them no help, no hope. They must perish. Fourteen are 
known thus to have perished, and to their memory a granite 
monument has been erected at the cemetery. Further labor 
was alike useless and vain. Many who had worked up to this 
time without a token of fatigue, soon began to feel that ener- 
vating relaxation which follows long continued exertion. They 
turned from the scene so completely exhausted as to be scarcely 
able to reach their homes.' 

For days, and we may almost say for weeks, after the disas- 
ter, the city was thronged by visitors frorai abroad, anxiously 
looking at the scene of this almost unparalleled tragedy. For 
an equal length of time every paper containing a particle of 
news respecting this matter met a ready sale. A little slip 
Avas worth more than a Boston Journal, and sold with far 



104 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 




WM. P. BKAZER, 



Dealer in 

AND CENTS' FURNISHING GOODS. 

Buck Oloves and Mittens warranted not to rip nor 
stitfen when wet. 
■^^ By the aid of a French Chronometer, Hats made 
^^X sliaped to the head. 

47 Central St, Corner of Market St., 

THE AMEIiIC^:Nr 

IBtiJ 





.1 



IS THE BEST IN THE WORLD ! 

It Restores Grey or Faded Hair 
to its Natural Color in all cases. 

\^ Relieves the Scalp of all Dandruff and Unpleasant Irrita- 
tions, and 

\^ Prevents the Hair from Falling Off I 

It causes new Ilair to Grow ; it removes all Humors from 
the Scalp, and keeps the Scalp and Hair in a healthy 
condition, and is superior to any other ever offered to the 
American people as a Hair Dressing. 

Manufactured by the Great American Hair Restorative Co., 

under the especial charge of Dr. LaDucer, our French Chemist. 
Every bottle warranted. Sold everywhere. Direct all orders and letters to 

DR. S. MELVEN, KIMBALL & CO., 82 Essex St., Lawrence. 

ESTABLISHED, 1853. 





buck: brothers, 

CHISEL MANUFACTURERS, 

MIIiliBURY, MASS. 

Constantly on hand a complete assortment of the best Socket and Shank Firmer Chisels 
and Gouges, &c., to be found in the United States. All warranted. Ask your dealer 
for them. The trade supplied on favorable terms. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 105 

greater facility. It is a singular fact, however, in this con- 
nection, that not one of the newspaper publishers of this city 
sought to gratify the public by the issue of extras, detailing 
the events as they transpired. Everything in the form of in- 
formation came from other places. The magnitude of the 
disaster seemed to have paralyzed all alike here at home, and 
for once the thought of "what can be made'" was supplanted 
by that of "what can be done to relieve the suffering and the 
needy." 

The benevolent all over New England, almost before an in- 
timation had reached them that pecuniary assistance was need- 
ed, seemed fully to comprehend the necessities of the hour. 
The day after the calamity twenty gentlemen met at the oflBce 
of the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Company, in 
Boston, and put $2000 at the disposal of the New England 
Society for the Promotion of Manufactures for the relief of 
the needy. One day later, another meeting despatched, by a 
special messenger, $5000 for the same purpose. The Phila- 
delphia Corn Exchange immediately forwarded $500. On 
the 13th, Daniel Saunders, Jr., mayor of the city, wrote a 
touching letter in acknowledgment of these favors to the sec- 
retary of the New England Society, and on the 23d of Jan- 
uary, the committee of relief, composed of Daniel Saunders, 
Jr., Charles S. Storrow, William C. Chapin, John C. Hoad- 
ley, and Henry K. Oliver, issued a circular to the public, in 
which they say " So generous have been the contributions in 
money and clothing from every quarter, we are most happy in 
believing that what has been already subscribed will be sujGfi- 
cient for the wants of those really needy and those to be pro- 
vided for in continuance." Of the value of clothing no esti- 
mate was ever made. The money contributed in this short 
space of time amounted to $65,834.67. This money came 
from no less than eight states, — from Masons, Odd Fellows, 
churches, schools, mill operatives, engine companies, newspaper 
establishments and individuals ; in sums ranging from $1 to 
$3000, embracing over two hundred distinct parcels. Of this 
sum, $42,004.72 was distributed to the needy between the 10th 

14 



106 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



MRS. MA.RY J. HILL, 

157 ESSEX STREET, LAAVKEJ^CE, MASS. 



Thankful for past favors, she would solicit a continuance of the same, which she 
will endeavor to merit. 

MRS. J. H. REYNOLDS' 

(FORMERLY J. A. GOODRICH,) 




AT 155 ELM, CORNER OF SHORT STREET. 

The subscriber would invite attention to her new stock of Millinery and Fancy Goods. 
The goods are all new and warranted to be as good and sold at a lower price than at 
any otlier place in the city. 

"QUICK SALES AND SMALL PROFITS IS OUR MOTTO." 

Bonnets, Hats, Ribbons, Flowers, Feathers, Velvets, Silks, Satins, Blondes and Tis- 
sues in abundance. Also, a complete assortment of Embroideries, Edgings, Insertings, 
Hdkfs, Nets, Braids, Trimmings, Gloves, Hose, Tacked and Hoop Skirts, Buttons, Sta- 
tionery, &c., constantly on hand. 

I>x'ess Mlaliiiig and Mlaclilne Stitcliiiig. 

Particular attention paid to orders for Mourning. 

Our goods are all purchased from some of the leading houses in Boston. We have 
none of last season's goods to pass olT upon our customers, but everything is new and 
fresh. Satisfaction to all. Please give us a call and do not feel that you are troubling 
us if you do not purchase. 

MRS. J. H. REYNOLDS, 

155 ELM STREET, CORNER OF SHORT. 

MRS. L. W. GRAHAM'S 

f A10¥ ©OOBi Sf 0S1, 

14,4, ESSEX STREET, LA^VREISTOE. 

Ladies will find here every article they may desire iu the Fancy Goods line, together 
with 

TOILET ARTICLES, BUTTONS, TOYS, &c., &c. 

Residents of contigious towns will please take notice, jg®" No trouble to show goods. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 107 

of January and the 1st of May. From May to the succeed- 
ing January, !^'9,468.27 had been disbursed to relieve the suf- 
fering; $514,000 had been paid to the Massachusetts Hospital 
Life Insurance Company for annuities in trust, and the bal- 
ance, ^361.68, was paid to George P. Wilson, city missionary, 
to be applied where most needed, and the account was closed. 
In regard to the amount paid for annuities, Mr. Storrow, in 
his final report, says : — 

"It was suggested in the report of May last, that we might find it 
necess^ary to make permanent j^rovision for some extreme cases of in- 
curable injury. This has been done in two instances by the purchase of 
annuities. After full consultation, and with the approval of every mem- 
ber of the committee, a deposit of $14,000 dollars was made with the 
Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Company, of Boston, in two 
separate sums of G.500 and 7500 dollars, to create two annuities in trust, 
of about 350 and 400 dollars a year respectively, to be paid in quarterly 
payments to the annuitants for the remainder of their lives. 

" For persons in the enjoyment of ordinary health, the purchase of an 
annuity is a very simple matter. The tables of mortality show with suf- 
ficient accuracy their chance of life, according to their age, and the 
payment, once for all, of a certain sum, purchases for them an annuity 
of a stipulated amount, to be paid to them for life. But what human 
sagacity could calculate the chance of life of these two young persons in 
our charge ? Would it be one year, or fifty ° How could Ave balance 
on the one hand the eifect of wounded limbs, of consequent disease, of 
long-continued suffering, and, on the other, the restoring power of youth, 
of patience, and of comfortable homes? It was evidently impossible to 
purchase outright these annuities, because it was evidently impossible 
to estimate their duration, or calculate their value. The only mode to 
provide for these pei'sons, therefore, Avas by annuities in trust : that is, 
by deposits, the income of which should be paid to them as long as they 
live. 

" But a difficulty here arose. Upon the death of an annuitant in trust, 
the sum deposited reverts to the person who placed it originally, or to 
such persons as he may direct in the deed of trust. This event may not 
happen for fifty years, and where Avill the connnittee be then ? The 
poor patients may outlive us all. To provide for tliis contingency, it 
Avas determined tliat ujwn the decease of either of the two annuitants, 
the principal sum should be paid to the members of the committee, " or 
the survivors or survivor of them, or to the executors or administrators 
of the last survivor, and by them to be appropriated to such charitable 
purpose or purposes as shall be appointed in Avriting by the actuary of 
the Massachusetts Hospital Life Insurance Company, the mayor of the 
City of LaAvrence, and the president of the Essex Savings Bank, now 
established at LaAvrence, for the time being, or an)' two of them, in such 
manner as they shall deem most conformable to the original charity for 
Avhich the moneys Avere contributed." 

" By this arrangement we secure to our annuitants Avhat is necessary 
for their comfort as long as they live, Avithout paying at the outset an 
exorbitant price. AVe provide that, ujjon their ^lecease, the amount, no 



108 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



F. P. GOGGEiSHAIjiI., 



On hand at all times, a good assortment of 

AMERICAN, FRENCH AND ENGLISH 



PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, 

PORTFOLIOS, POCKET BOOKS and 

FANCY GOODS. 

Persons wishing Paper and Envelopes can have them Emhossed with Name or Initial 
without extra charge. 
Blank Books made to order in the best manner. Also a large assortment on hand. 

No. 51 Merrimack St., Lowell, Mass. 

KILEY BROTHERS, 




Pemberton Bank Building, 



LAWRENCE, MASS. 



A choice selection of Austrian, German, French, English and American Fabrics con- 
stantly on hand. 



James kilet. 



DANIEL F. KILEY. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 109 



longer needed for their benefit, shall again be applied to the charitable 
purposes for which it was intended, and that this shall be done under the 
direction of three persons, who must all be in existence, whatever may 
be the uncertainty of human life, two of whom, from the offices they 
hold, must inevitably be persons especially fit to discharge tlie duties of 
a trust, and the third of whom is the principal representative of the City 
whose people were the objects of the original charity. Beyond all this, 
the Supreme Judicial Court has power to regulate and enforce the exe- 
cution of this trust, if it should ever hereafter become necessary to do 
so." 

A temporary hospital, known as the Pemberton Home, was 
supported for some time, at an expense of $820, out of funds 
mainly contributed by Mr. James M. Barnard. This sum 
would swell the benevolent contributions to 1,66.634.67. The 
committee distributed these contributions through the hands 
of a sub-committee, located in the various wards of the city, 
to the wounded, and also to those who had been rendered des- 
titute by the calamity, in sums ranging from $1 to $857.61. 
About six hundred people were the recipients of this bounty, 
eighty-seven of whom died of their injuries, and about fifty, 
more or less severely injured, ultimately recovered. 

An inquest was called by Coroner William D. Lamb. The 
jury commenced an investigation into the cause of the disaster 
on the 12th of January, and after a labor of two weeks, dur- 
ing which time nearly forty large octavo pages of closely 
printed evidence were taken down, a verdict was rendered. 
The only conclusion to be drawn from all this evidence was 
that the primary cause of the calamity was the use of 
cast iron pillars too weak to sustain the weight of the 
floors, roof, machinery, shafting, &c. The jury censured, 
with much severity, the chief engineer under whose general 
direction the work was performed. That gentleman is now 
gone to give an account before a higher, andj it may be, a 
more impartial tribunal. To review at length the evidence 
upon which the verdict was made up would be to exclude other 
topics which we design to touch, in the limits to which we are 
confined by the nature of this publication. On this one point 
— a brokeii pillar — hinged the whole matter, so far as the 
jury ascertained. In regard to this, the facts are simply 
these: — The mill was built by the Essex Company for the 



110 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



MAMMOTH 



Fiiriiitiire Establislimeiit. 



CD 




CO 

o 



Nos. 181 & 182 ESSEX STREET, 

AND NOS. 1, 3 & 5 AMESBTJBY ST., 

Dealers in and Manufacturers of all the various kinds of 

Cll$TOM-MAOS FIHST CLASS FllBHITUREt 

AND 

HOXTSEHOLD OOODS. 



OXJH FITtfSiT CLA-J^S 13E:i»AnT3IET>fT 

■will ever be found full and complete in assortment of splendid Drawing Room and Par- 
lor Suits, in Velvet, Repts, Hair Cloth and Terry. 

BEAUTIFUL CHAMBER SETS, 

high cost and medium. Marhle-top Tables, in great variety; Book Cases, Office Desks 
and Tables; Lounges, CJiairs, Beds and Bedding; Mirrors for the Parlor, Counting 
Room, Hall or .Store. 

CO]\t]>XO]V F'TJI^^IVITXJI^.E, 

a large and varied stock. 
LIVE GEESE FEATHERS AWD PURE CURLED HORSE HAIR. 

Extension Tables, Stuffed Chairs and Rockers, Bureaus and Bedsteads, of beautiful 
patterns, sold separate from sets; iside Boards and Ettegercs, Hat Trees, Whatnots and 
Library Tables. 

UPHOLSTERING- 

done in all its branches by trusty and experienced workmen. All orders promptly 
attended to, and personal attention given to our own business. 



"VV. R. PEDRICK. 



C. C. CLOSSON. 



HISTOKY OP LAWKENCE. Ill 

Pemberton Company, from plans furnished bj the Pemberton. 
The work was done under the general supervision of Captain 
Charles H. Bigelow, under whose management the dam and 
canal, and most of the other mills in the citj, had been con- 
structed. Mr. I. J). Putnam, agent of the Pemberton Com- 
pany, testified before the jui-y that Captain Bigelow "intended 
to put in wooden pillars, such as were put into the Pacific 
mills," but Mr. Putnam says he "thought iron would be 
stronger — thought he could get them for two and a half cents 
per pound. Captain Bigelow told him to enquire about it. 
and he would enquire at the Lawrence Avorks." Mr. Putnam 
then says, "I found a place to get them cheapo- than he could 
at Lawrence." Captain Bigelow furnished a draft for columns, 
but it does not appear that he assumed any control in the mat- 
ter over Mr. Putnam after surrendering his convictions that 
wood was preferable to iron for the purpose. But he furnished 
a draft. That draft called for columns of the following dimen- 
sions and thickness, as appears by his own and other evidence : 
Lower story, six inches diameter and five-eighths of an inch 
thick; second story, five and three quarter inches diameter and 
half an inch thick; third story, five inches diameter and half 
an inch thick; fourth story, four and three-quarter inches di- 
ameter and half an inch thick ; fifth story, three inches diam- 
eter, solid. Mr. Putnam, as may be supposed, felt a deep 
interest in the stability of the property for which he Avas 
agent, and in order "to make assurance doubly sure," he 
went to Lowell and solicited the opinion of Mr. James B. 
Francis, the eminent engineer, under whose supervision more 
mill work has probably been done than under that of any other 
man in America. Mr. Francis, not trusting to verbal directions, 
wrote Mr. Putnam a letter, in which he says: — "Assuming 
the weight on the lower columns is the same as that on the cor- 
responding columns of the Prescott Spinning Mill, a column of 
seven inches diameter and half an inch thick Avould give ample 
strength, provided it could be properly cast. / should think 
it would be better to make it six inches in diameter outside 
and three-quarters of an inch thick, u-hich gives an abun- 



112 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



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Sheet Music and Instruction Books, 

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LAWRENCE, MASS. 



a large assortment of Piano Fortes, Organs and Melodeons constantly on hand, 
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and delivered free of charge. 

The latest Vocal and Instrumental Sheet Music, and the largest stock in this city, 
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Tuning and Repairing done Promptly and Faithflt^ly. 

Music Lessons given at his Rooms at all hours of the day and evening. 

J. C. OAULOUTT, 

Appleton Street, Opposite Post Office, Lawrence, Mass, 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 113 

dant mar(jin for all contingencies. Of course, any column 
Avhich has manifest imperfections should be rejected; but my 
calculation is intended to cover all ordinary imperfections. 
The columns in the upper stories may be gradually diminished 
in size and thickness."* Here it will be seen Mr. Francis sug- 
gests the precise size, and, within an eighth of an inch, thick- 
ness which Mr. Putnam had ordered of the iron founder. In 
his testimony before the jury, Mr. Francis says the "weight 
upon each column upon the lower floor was between one- 
ninth and one-tenth of the estimated breakino- weight of the 
columns, and providing the columns were made as nearly per- 
fect as they are usually made, this would be safe, though not 
as large a margin as I should recommend."' These columns 
having broken, their imperfections were apparant to every one 
who examined them. Mr. Francis also observed that "as the 
columns turn out. he considered them unsafe." To arfirue 
that they were safe after such an event would have been an 

* Extract.? from the Evidence of J. B. Francls before the Coroner's 
Jury. — "The year before this mill was built, I was asked by Mr. Putnam, who was 
at the time treasurer of the Boott Cotton Mills at Lowell, In relation to the pillars of a 
mill he was then intending to erect at Lawrence; what was said I cannot now recollect, 
but I subsequently wrote him the following letter." [The letter here alluded to is 
quoted above.] 

"A diagram in the margin of the letter indicates that a five story mill, eighty feet 
wide, was contemplated. 

" As now informed, the area of floor supported by each column in the Peinberton 
Mill is fully double that supported by each corresponding column of the Troscott Spin- 
ning Mill ; and, consequently, each column has to support double the weight at the 
Pcraberton as at the Prescott. This, of course, is assuming that the weight per square 
foot of floor is as great at the Pemberton as at the Prescott, of which I suppose there 
can be no doubt. 

" At the Prescott Mill, the beams are eight feet apart, these are ten feet apart; the 
space from column to column at the Prescott Mill is sixteen feet, here nearly twenty- 
seven feet. The product of 8 by 16 equals 128 square feet; that multiplied by the num. 
ber of stories (four), equals 512 square feet of floor which is supported by each column 
in the lower story of the Prescott. In the Pemberton Mill, 26 feet 10 inches, by 10 y^ 4, 
equals 1073 square feet which is supported by each column in the lower story ; the roof 
being also supported in addition at the Pemberton. The roof when loaded with snow 
might be equal to one-third or one-half another floor. When I have made an estimate 
of the strength of columns, it has been based on what weight they would have to sup- 
port. I always made an estimate, or have been furnished with one, for each particular 
case, when called on to calculate the strength of columns. As I recollect now, it has 
been my rule to make the columns of that size which would require a weight twelve or 
fifteen times greater than they will be required to support, to crush them. When I 
say it would take twelve or fifteen times the weight to crush a column, I mean a column 
made and set as perfectly as the columns from which the rules are deduced." 

15 



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Address 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 115 

absurdity. But, for their imperfections, who was responsible? 
The founder was doubtless careful to forward no columns with 
imperfections which he had reason to believe would be mani- 
fest upon the outside. He may have known, and probably 
did know, that they were not honestly cast; and it may be 
true that Captain Bigelow should have critically examined 
them. But Mr. Putnam contracted for them, and he had even 
a deeper interest in them than Captain Bigelow. The fault, 
in our view, in this whole matter, falls upon the iron founder. 
Mr. Putnam, relying upon his honesty, did not deem it expe- 
dient to apply unusual tests to the work of his hands, and 
coming, as they did, through a party so deeply interested in 
the safety of the building as Mr. Putnam, neither Captain 
Bigelow nor any one under him deemed it a duty to go bcr 
yond Mr. Putnam in the condemnation of materials to be used 
in the construction of his mill. 

In all the evidence before the jury in regard to the fall of 
the mill, only two or three persons could give any but the 
most vague and uncertain account of it. Among all the wit- 
nesses examined, the clearest views were given by Mr. Howe, 
one of the owners, and Mr. Chase, the agent. Mr. Howe had 
arrived here from Boston in the afternoon mail train, and as 
was his custom once a week, was passing through the mill in 
company with Mr. Chase. They had gone through the weav- 
ing room on the lower floor and the carding room, and were 
on their way through the spinning room in the third story. 
They entered the room at the north end, and as they passed 
the mules Mr. Howe remarked to Mr. Chase that he thought 
they were running remarkably well. On reaching the last 
pair, he again remarked that ' ' this pair of mules seem not to 
be working so well." Waiting long enough for Mr. Chase to 
explain that this was caused by being employed on slacken 
twisted yarn, a period estimated at fifteen seconds alone pre- 
vented their being at the very point where the fall commenced. 
Mr. Chase says they heard a noise and simultaneously the 
mules stopped. He exclaimed "What is that?" On looking 
in the direction of the noise towards the. southerly end, about 



116 



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Also, Agents for the " MORNING GLORY " Base Burner. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 117 

mid-way of the passage in the westerly alley, they discovered 
at once that the columns were falling towards them, and the 
beams were sinking. Mr. Chase was just the man for this 
emergency. A door upon his right, usually kept closed, but 
almost providentially now open, led into the cloth room of the 
wing of the mill. He turned Mr. Howe around and started 
him to and through this only means of escape, and followed 
himself with all the precipitation he could command, and yet 
so rapid was the fall that as he entered the cloth room, he says 
he felt the rush of the wind and the splinters around him. 
Mr. John Tatterson, whom we met as he emerged from the 
ruins in a state of almost lifeless stupefaction, though unin- 
jured, Avas an overseer in the wing of the mill which did not 
fall with the main building. He stej^ped from his department 
into the main building, and, just as he entered, he saw about 
two-thirds of the building at the south of him coming down 
with a downward curvature in the centre. He had no time to 
get back to his room, but sought safety in a corner of the 
room, and went down with the floor. He was under the ruins 
about half an hour. Newell D. Dean, an overseer in the card- 
ing room, said he heard a noise and thought a shaft had broken. 
Looked around and saw the floor near the south end coming 
down. He describes the noise like that of a heavy tree falling 
in the midst of a thick forest, and says that the time from the 
first noise to the complete demolition of the mill was not over 
half a minute. Alonzo N. Wing, who was employed in the 
winding room in the fifth story, said he saw the mill fall- 
ing and started on a run for the north end. He had gone 
about eighty feet when the whole was down. He thought the 
westerly portion of the floor fell first. James N. Read, who 
was employed in the river building, had just left the main 
building and closed the door when the disaster occurred. He 
says the sound of the fall resembled what has been described 
to him as an earthquake. He found his men jumping out of 
the back windows. One of them dislocated his feet by jump- 
ing out upon the rocks, and he closed the windows and stopped 
the panic. Many others employed in the mills testified before 



118 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



DA.A^IS' iVrXJTUA.1. 



ADVERTISIITG CAUD OR EHVELOPE, 



CUT OPKTV THIS E7VO. 







Whereby each person advertises for himself and all the others, thus 
raakin<T it a Mutual Advertisement. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 119 

the jury as to what they saw and heard, but the substance of 
all their testimony is embodied in what we have already writ- 
ten. 

A few weeks after the calamity, Messrs. John J. Dyer & 
Co., of Boston, published a pamphlet of nearly a hundred closely 
printed pages, detailing the circumstances of the fall" thrilling 
incidents, list of contributors to the relief fund, names of the 
killed and wounded, report of the inquest and abstracts of 
sermons delivered on the occasion in this city the Sabbath 
following the disaster. Many of the statements contained in 
this work are but repetitions of the same story, that the narra- 
tor was present in the mill, saw it falling and went down with 
it. But there are in it all the facts which the most careful 
investigation could bring out. The most terrible scenes nar- 
rated are those of Mr. Maurice Palmer, an overseer, who was 
not reached until the fire broke out. The flames were ad- 
vancing upon him as he was reached by his friends, and sweep- 
ing around them, threatened their destruction as well as Mr. 
Palmer's. In his despair he took his knife from his pocket 
and inflicted several severe wounds upon his throat, preferring 
death by suicide rather than by fire. But his friends did not 
forsake him. He was rescued and carried to the hall, where 
he died shortly after. Dr. Burley testified before the Coroner's 
jury that he examined Mr. Palmer's wounds. He had three 
cuts across the neck of a serious nature, which might have 
paused death, but he had also internal injuries. Mr. Palmer 
belonged in Rochester, N. H.. where a family dependent upon 
his labor was left in destitute circumstances. An appeal in 
their behalf from Rev. J. H. Fuller was responded to liberally 
on the part of the relief committee here, and the benevolent 
in other places. Mr. Henry Nice went down with the mill, 
but was not much injured. On extricating himself he found a 
girl upon the floor with a piece of shafting across her neck. 
She was relieved by sawing a hole through the floor. He then 
went to the assistance of Mr. Darius Nash, who was badly in- 
jured and lying close by a young girl. The girl insisted that 
Mr. Nash should first be relieved. This was.done by cutting an- 



120 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



DA. VIS' nVEXJTUAI. 

ADVERTISIITG CARD OR ENVELOPE, 



►< o 
W^ 

Sg 

Ol c^ CD 

«o c. 00 

(K S g 

Or"— 

c S ^ 

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/^'jesy 






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s 2 o 

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lit 

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thus 



Whereby each person advertises for himself and all the others, 
making it a Mutual Advertisement. 

23,000 copies of this card have been printed on envelopes for the advertisers on it. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 121 

other hole through the floor. The poor girl was pinned to the 
floor by the heavj machinery, which it was impossible to re- 
move before the fire reached her, and she perished in the 
flames. The wife of Mr. Thomas Nice perished in the flames, 
and her remains were recognized by Mr. N. by a ring which 
he had presented her on their wedding day. Mr. James Bar- 
rett recognized the remains of a beautiful daughter simply by 
a portion of the dress which remained from the desolation of 
the fire, — the sorrowing mother had brought to the dead house 
the miniature of her daughter, and when she identified the 
dress she cast one look upon the picture and then upon the 
blackened and shapeless mass and instantly fainted and was 
carried away from the terrible scene by those in attendance. 
Other scenes quite as heart-rending occurred, but our limits 
forbid their recital. Several poor creatures were seen among 
the ruins and conversed with by working parties, but the 
flames reached them before they could be rescued. The body 
of Mr. Lafayette F. Branch, overseer of the dressing room in 
the fourth story, was found beneath the fallen walls upon the 
south-east corner of the building. It is supposed that he 
leaped from the window at the approach of danger and was 
overtaken by the walls. His watch had stopped at 13 minutes 
to five, and this is supposed to have been the precise time of 
the catastrophe. Several persons were rescued who reported 
themselves unhurt, but it was soon discovered that one had a 
broken arm ; another, Mr. Thomas A. Watson, had three ribs 
broken, his lower jaw broken in three places and several se- 
vere flesh wounds. 

During the night succeeding the accident the weather 
changed and became piercing cold, so that many of the unfor- 
tunate victims to the ravages of the fire would doubtless have 
perished by the severity of the weather before they could have 
been rescued, had not the terrible conflagration put so tragic 
and awful an end to their anguish. 

Strict justice to the dead and the living, but more particu- 
larly to one of the most sincere, earnest and high minded men 
who has ever been connected with the enterprises of this city, 



122 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



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Forty thousand envelopes of this cut have been printed. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE, 123 

demands from us an earnest though feeble tribute of exonera- 
tion from censure. That Capt. Bigelow felt the blow inflicted 
upon his reputation as an engineer in the fall of the Pember- 
ton, with terrible force, there can be no doubt. No heart 
beat more in sympathy with those who were perishing from 
the effects of this calamity than his own, and yet in all his long 
examination, nothing that might, by any possible construc- 
tion, be made to weigh against either his judgment as a man, 
or his attainments as an able and trustworthy engineer, was 
withheld on his part to shield himself from the odium of hav- 
ing caused it all. His evidence was calmly and most suc- 
cintly given. He attempted no evasion of responsibility, even 
when such an evasion would have been, not only by implica- 
tion, but upon every principle of honor and equity, fully jus- 
tifiable. He stood before that jury with a heart crushed with 
sorrow, but yet in the full stature of a sincere, honest, manly 
MAN, who preferred to bear upon his OAvn devoted head the 
full measure of censure rather than even seem to cast that cen- 
sure upon others, though to others it might legitimately 
belong. 

We have said that the primary cause of this calamity was 
the use of pillars too weak to support the immense weight 
placed upon them. In view of the evidence before the cor- 
oner's jury this conclusion is justifiable. At this late day, 
and in the absence of more direct and positive evidence to the 
contrary, it would be as well, perhaps, that this conclusion 
should remain undisturbed. But there are, nevertheless, men 
of intelligence, some of whom went down with the mill, who 
believe that the primary cause of the calamity was the break- 
ing of a gear. No evidence before the coroner went to show 
that there was a single revolution of any part of the machinery 
after the fall commenced, but on the contrary, the evidence of 
Mr. Chase, the agent, if published as it was understood at the 
time by several hearers, would have been that he and Mr. 
Howe were in the center of the spinning room, going south, 
when all at once the machinery stopped, and the mill began to 
fall. Mr. Howe says: "We heard a noise, and I think sim- 



124 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



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DEALER nr 



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"Wholesale and Betail Dealers in 




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37 TURNPIKE STREET, 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 125 



ultaneously the mules stopped. On looking towards the south- 
erly end we saw the columns falling towards us." This result 
is precisely what might have been expected by the breaking 
of the gear, to wit, a stoppage of the machinery, followed by 
the fall. If the commencement of the fall had preceded the 
stoppage, the conclusions to be drawn would have been pre- 
cisely»with those of the jury. But this conclusion is not jus- 
tified by the evidence, and it is to be regretted that less atten- 
tion had not been given to proving what had become a self- 
evident and most palpable fact in the mind of every one, that 
the pillars were insufficient to support the weight put upon 
them under certain contingencies, than to the contingencies 
which caused their destruction. Masons and carpenters, at 
home and abroad, were summoned to prove just what the jury 
had had abundant ocular demonstration was the fact, and that 
was that the mill was not strong enough. This needed no 
proof. But it had stood for six years, and reliable evidence 
went to show that the floors had been»loaded much heavier 
than they were at the time of the fall. There was therefore 
some unusual contingency which brought them down. What 
could that have been, and why did the jury neglect to investi- 
gate it? Would it have exonerated Captain Bigelow from 
any measure of blame? Possibly it might, and justly. The 
tenor of the evidence would indicate more that the Essex 
Company was on trial for fraud upon the Pemberton Com- 
pany, in palming upon them insecure foundations, bad bricks, 
worthless lime, and cheap trash generally, than that the jury 
were deliberating calmly and impartially upon the real cause 
of a certain effect. It was more an investigation into what 
appeared to be than what really was. Subsequent investiga- 
tions proved that the foundations were as firm as a rock — the 
bricks rough, but hard — the mortar excellent, as was demon- 
strated when the bricks were cleaned for rebuilding the mill. 
The timbers were of about the usual size for such work, and 
in addition were trussed with iron to render them rigid, and 
firmly anchored in the walls. But the mill was down. An 
idiot could have correctly concluded that it fell because it was 



126 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



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Machines, &c. 

No. 1 machine dovetails from three inches to sixteen inches long, and from 1-4 to 5-8 
inch thick, and costs $200.00. 

No. 2 machine dovetails from five inches to twenty-sis inches long, and from 5-8 inch 
to 1 inch thick, or, if necessary it will cut any length, one end at a time, and costs $.350. 

No 3 machine is the same as No. 2, but will do wider stock, and thirty-six inches 
long, both ends at a time and costs $400.00. 

No. 4 is for M'ork 60 inches long and 24 Inches wide and works from 1-2 to 1 1-2 inches 
thick. This machine does not let down so as to do longer work. Price, $600.00. 

By the improvements made in 1863, we can dovetail boards of any length by doing 
one end at a time. It is applied to Nos. 2 and 3. By simply turning one set of cutters 
down,-— (they are fixed to turn on a hinge, so that they will return to the same place 
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The subjoined is an extract from the Report of the Judges at the late Exhibition of 
the Middlesex Mechanics' Association: 

" This is a double headed machine, and a very good article for mitre dovetailing. It 
cuts the board to a suitable length, and bevels and dovetails both ends at once. It per- 
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J. C. Hoadley, Lawrence ; D. Mussey, Nashua; L. A. Cutler, Lowell; C. Q-. Sar- 
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Lowell; 8. D. & H, W. Smith, Boston; D. N. Butterfield, New Boston. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 127 



not strong enough to stand. But what caused the fall is as 
much a mystery to-day as it was on the day when that jury 
commenced its laborious, long continued, and utterly fruitless 
investigation. We say fruitless; we mistake. After twelve 
days' labor, it aided materially in adding one more, if not the 
noblest of them all, to the already frightful catalogue of vic- 
tims of the terrible disaster. Captain Bigelow did not long 
survive the blow. 

The labor devolving upon the finance committee and their 
subordinates, but more especially upon the mayor, in conse- 
quence of the Pemberton calamity, was very arduous: but it 
was discharged with the utmost faithfulness. Mayor Saunders 
was perhaps the most active of all: laboring even beyond the . 
limits of prudent care of the preservation of his own health 
in ministering to the necessities of the unfortunate sufferers. 
As a slight token of their appreciation of his untiring exer- 
tions in the cause of humanity, his fellow citizens bestowed 
upon him a valuable testimonial. 

Lawrence is probably better supplied with useful and enter- 
taining libraries than any city of its population in New Eng- 
land. There are in the city no less than seven distinct collec- 
tions, embracing, in the aggregate, about 20.000 volumes. 
Nearly 8000 volumes are contained in the libraries of the At- 
lantic and Pacific Mills, the circulation of which is confined 
to persons employed on these two corporations. Probably the 
most elaborate, arrangement for the dissemination of knowledge 
among the working people to be found on any manufacturing 
corporation in the world, is at the Pacific Mills in this city. 
It is not with books alone that the Pacific operatives are sup- 
plied. They have also access to a reading room, where an 
ample supply of papers and periodicals are neatly arranged 
and constantly accessible to all whose duties will permit them 
to avail themselves of their perusal. The Franklin Library, 
to which Mr. Abbott Lawrence so liberally and so wisely con- 
tributed, contains 3800 volumes. John C. Dow's library 
contains about 2800, Lewis Stratton's about 800, and I. A. 
Whitcomb's about 700 volumes. There is also a Farmers' 



128 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



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use before planing, or for smoothing after other planers, such as door panels, &c. It 
will plane from l-8th to 4 inches thick, and are 14, 17, and 19 inches wide, respectively, 
and is warranted to give better satisfaction than any other machine, for such work, in 
this market. The 19 inch machine has feed and pressure rolls, independent of each 
other. The 14 and 17 inch machines have feed and pressure rolls, and are dependent 
and work entirely upon the upper surface of the hoard. 

These machines wore designed more particularly to accompany the Dovetailer for 
box-work and light shop-work. In the 14 and 17 inch planers, the bed rises and falls by 
one screw in the centre. The 19 inch planer bed-piece rests upon two screws, and is 
raised and loM'cred by a right and left hand screw, worked by worm gears. This planer 
is anew pattern, and possesses many improved and useful points, not attained in any 
other planer known. 

I also make a 24 inch Planer, the platin or bed-piece raised and lowered by four 
screws. This is for common heavy work and planes from 1-4 inch to .5 inches thick. 

It is fed by a belt from the cylinder, and will feed from 8 to 40 feet per minute by 
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Price of 14 Inch Planer, 

it If) it « 

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on hand. 

Also, ALL KINDS OF BOX MACHINERY made to order. 

For further particulars, address 

ASAHEL DAVIS, - Lowell, Mass. 



HISTORY OP LAWRENCE. 129 

library, of about 500 volumes. Eventually, it is to be hoped, 
some, if not all, of these libraries may be united into one 
collection, to be freely used by all our people, under proper 
regulations. An effort to this end was made a year or two 
ago, but it was abandoned after making some little excitement 
among the reading community. The proposition was to unite 
several of these collections, either by gift or purchase, under 
the management of the board of trustees having charge of the 
proceeds of the benevolent and munificent gift of Plon. Daniel 
A. White, by which our people are indebted for the valuable 
course of evening entertainments known as the " White Fund 
Lectures." When the funds accruing from this gift to the 
people shall have accumulated sufficiently, it is designed to 
erect a hall for a lecture room upon a portion of the ground 
from which these funds have been derived ; and when this is 
done there is little room for doubt that the free library will in 
some way hi provided. 

The charitable societies and institutions in Lawrence are 
very steadily growing in strength and usefulness. First in 
the scale of unostentatious and true christian benevolence we 
class the Masonic order, which respects no man simply for his 
worldly wealth or honors, and knows no distinction of calling 
or nationality. The good deeds constantly being bestowed 
upon the needy by this institution, as well individually as 
collectively, none but the recipients themselves can estimate. 
Of this fraternity there are two lodges of Master Masons, one 
encampment of Knight Templars, and one Royal Arch Chap- 
ter. The oldest is Grecian Lodge, which was formed in 1825, 
at Methuen, where it continued its good works until 1848, 
when the location of its temple was changed to Lawrence. It 
now numbers over two hundred active members. Tuscan 
Lodge was formed in 1864, and now numbers about one hun- 
dred and thirty members. Mount Sinai Royal Arch Chapter, 
numbering about one hundred and thirty members, and Beth- 
any Encampment of Knight Templars, numbering about 
eighty members, were both organized in 1864. 

The Odd Fellows, an institution based upon very nearly the 



130 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



GALE! <£ AMSS^ 



anat© aim ««™«^e. 



J I 



mWmw 

M^IsrUFA.CTXJRERS, 

Lowell Street, Lawrence, Mass., 

Patentees and Manufacturers of 

THE JUMP SEATED SUNDOWN, 

For two or four persons, au entirely new, beautiful and convenient pleasure carriage. 

JOBBINa OF ALL KINDS 

done with neatness and despatch. 
ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTEND'ED TO. 

OFFICE, 181 & 182 ESSEX STKEET, 

LAWRENCE, MASS. 

PEDRICK & CLOSSOISr, 
Real Estate Agents and Appraisers. 



PER^SOlSrAL ATTENTION 

given to all Sales and Appraisals. 
<®- SALES ATTENDED TO IN ALL PARTS OF THE COUNTY. -fijr 

Sale at Office every Saturday Afternoon, 

where generally may be found an endless variety of all kinds of Goods. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 131 

same system of benevolence as the Masons, but of more re- 
cent origin and less extended means and influence, have now 
two lodges. United Brothers' Lodge was organized in 1848, 
and numbers about one hundred and twenty members. Mon- 
adnock Lodge was organized in 1867, and now numbers about 
fifty members. 

Probably the benevolent acts of no organization in the city 
are more widely and generally felt than those coming through 
the hands of Rev. George P. Wilson, the city missionary. 
The contributions thus dispensed come from no particular or- 
der, nation or sect. All who are able contribute something, 
either of money, clothing, or other necessaries. Nothing 
goes amiss. These contributions are distributed to needy ap- 
plicants according to the disci'etion of the city missionary. 
That much good is done by this mode of benevolence, and a 
great amount of annoying street begging avoided, there is no 
room to doubt, nor can it be doubted that very much impo- 
sition on the part of professional beggars is also avoided ; and 
those who. by sickness or accident, are reduced to a condition 
of need, as a general rule, know where to find relief from 
pinching want without exposing themselves to the odium of 
begging from door to door. 

At the head of White street is an imposing structure, the 
first ever erected in Lawrence for purely benevolent purposes, 
which is known as the Catholic Orphan Asylum and Home 
for Invalids. It has been erected at a cost of upwards of 
$28,000 by Rev. J. H. D. TaaflFe, presillent of the Catholic 
Friends' Society, an association now numbering one thousand 
members ; $10,058.00 has been expended by this society since 
its organization, 1856, for the relief of the poor and the sup- 
port and education of orphan children. No salaries are paid 
any of its officers, notwithstanding the most arduous labors 
often devolve upon them, in the line of their duty as ministers 
to the necessities of the poor. The building is three stories 
high, with a basement, of brick, and most thoroughly built. 
In the basement, which contains the furnaces for heating the 
entire structure, coal depositories, a kitchen, dining and a 



132 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



C. W. BROWN'S 



C XT ^ T O ]\X 




m 




—IS AT— 



146 BSSESX ^STRKIIT^ 

LAWRENCE. 

Boots, Shoes, Overshoes and Slippers, 

— FOR — 

MEN, YOUTHS AND BOYS. 

Also, a fine asgjirtment of every kind always on hand for 

lAiiis, Miseii All eiiii. 

FOR SALE, AS EVER, 

^^T THE LOA\^EST r^IMCES. 

146 ESSEX STREET, 

LAWRENCE, MASS. 

N. B.^I ■will Bell Boots and Shoes cheaper than any other man in Lawrence. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 133 

recreation room for boys. The first floor is devoted to recep- 
tion, sitting, industrial and school rooms, a chapel, &c. The 
second floor is used as a sleeping apartment, the boys occupy- 
ing the right wing, the girls the left, and the Sisters of Char- 
ity the centre. The upper story is devoted exclusively to the 
purposes of a hospital. 

The foregoing charities have reference more to the temporal 
than the spiritual well being of community. It is proper, 
therefore, that we should here introduce what is rapidly be- 
coming an important charity, aiming solely to the moral and 
intellectual or spiritual welfare of the city. When-the Essex 
Company purchased the land now embraced within the limits 
of the city, a considerable tract lying on the easterly side of 
Haverhill, between Franklin and White streets, was reserved 
by Hon. Daniel A. White, of ^Salem, under restrictions which 
precluded him from disposing of it to any one outside the Es- 
sex Company. This land contained the graves of Mr. White's 
ancestors, and a proper regard fov their remains it is supposed 
precluded him from using it. But the graves of his family 
filled but a very small space, which has been surrounded by a 
substantial fence, at present the only mark by which one would 
suspect that it was the place of repose of a human form. It 
was not until 1852 that it became known to any one here what 
disposition Mr. White designed to make of this land. He 
then proposed to Mr. Storrow. agent of the Essex Company, 
to join him in a conveyance to the parties and for the pur- 
poses set forth, as follows : — 

" By an indenture, dated Aug. 23d, 1852, by and between Daniel 
Appleton White, of Salem, Mass., of the first part; the Essex Com- 
pany, of the second part; and Charles S. Storrow, Nathaniel G. White 
and Henry K. Oliver, all of Lawrence, Mass., on the third part, it 
appears that the said Daniel Appleton White "having at heart the 
welfare of his native place, the same being now a part of the town of 
Lawrence, and earnestly desiring to do something to promote the im- 
provement and prosperity of its now numerous population, had, by his 
will, devised all his right, title and interest in and to certain parcels of 
land, to certain trustees, to accomplish his purposes concerning the 
same:" but subsequently became "desirous that his intentions should 
be carried into effect during his lifetime, and that the said lands should 
now be conveyed to and vested in trustees, for the purposes aforesaid." 

He therefore proposed to the Essex Company, who possessed such 



134 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



DA. VIS & FURBER, 

North Andover, Mass., near Lawrence, Mass., 

Manufacturers of Wool . Machinery, 



M 



^^^^mmtTfm » ir«"i!J',i Mia 

^IB'jBiiBniiBniitiiBl hliB^!lL„;; 

1 It Tin; n B (»!uy!«ililii|«!!PViiipill 

■■"■■■ ^-^.M^^f -- 'iiiiffli 





Card Clotliing, HMill Slaafting, 

Carding Machine, with Patent Seven or Nine Roll Rubber or Tube Condenser, Card 
Grinders, Spinning Jacks, Pickers, Dusters, Reels, Beaniers, Dressers, Spoolers, 
Broad and Narrow Common Looms, Drop Box Looms, and Fancy Looms, 
Broad and Narrow Gigs, Stocking Yarn Keels, Skein Spoolers, Bob- 
bin Winders, Fulling Mills, Banding Machines, aud Castings of 
every description. 
All the above Machinery made with new and Improved Iron Frames, or, if preferred 
with Wood Frames. 




Also Manufacturers of Pendegrass & Kirk''s Self -Oilers for Wool Can 

G. L. DAVIS. J. A. WILEY. J. M. STONE. 



HISTORY 01 LAWRENCE. 13' 



rights upon these lands that without their consent and concurrence they 
coukl be made of no pecuniary value whatever, to join him in a convey- 
ance of all their interest, together with his, to trustees, who should be 
authorized to sell the lands, thus rendered free of incumbrance and 
valuable, and Avho, after allowing the proceeds to accumulate, should 
apply the income of the fund so created to certain public purposes, 
specified as follows : — 

" First, that they shall apjjly and appropriate so much of the said 
income as may be necessary lor the establishment and support of a 
course of lectures, to be delivered annually, with a special design to 
enlighten the minds and elevate the character of the young of both 
sexes, by impai'ting to them a full knowledge of their true interests, 
with a deep conviction of the importance of eai"ly cultivating those vir- 
tues, habits, and principles which constitute excellent character, and 
furnish the most reliable resoui'ces for their advancement and success in 
life. 

The said lectures to be not less than sLx in number, to be delivered 
annually, by such persons as may be from time to time appointed by the 
said trustees, in the town of Lawrence, on the following subjects : 

On the importance of a good character to success in life : On the 
unsurpassable value of the riches of character to the young of both 
sexes : On their ability to possess such riches, if they will, and with 
them to attain all that is needful of the less durable riches, and all that 
is most desirable of human enjoyment: On the virtues, habits, and 
principles most essential to good character : On the wisdom of giving 
an early and earnest attention to the cultivation and practice of these, 
and generally on the best means of intellectual, moral and christian 
improvement. 

And I direct that the said lectures shall be free to all of the indus- 
trial classes, and more especially to the young, but in respect to others, 
subject to such regulations as the trustees may see fit to prescribe. 

Second, in case the whole of said income shall not be needed for the 
support of the said lectures, that the said trustees shall appropriate a 
further portion, not exceeding one-half part of the whole net annual 
income, to the purchase of books for the establishment and increase of 
a public library. Such library to he open and free of access to all the 
inhabitants of the town of Lawrence, subject only to such restrictions 
and regulations as the said trustees may see fit to impose, touching the 
vise and preservation of the books. The said trustees in the purchase of 
books for the said library, to select those of sound moral tendency, and 
to have especial reference to the wants of the young and of the indus- 
trial classes. 

Third, in case there shall be any surplus of the said net annual 
income, that the said trustees shall at any time, and from time to time, 
suffer the same to accumulate, if in their opinion necessary, and such 
surplus, together with s\ich accumulation, shall add to the trust fund, or 
shall apply and appropriate in such manner as they, in the exercise of a 
sound judgment and discretion, shall consider best adapted to promote 
the moral, intellectual, and christian advancement and instruction of 
the inhabitants of the town of Lawrence — earnestly requesting the said 
trustees constantly to bear in mind, that the great object intended to be 
promoted and accomplished is the education and training up of the 
young in habits of industry, morality, and piety, and in the exercise of 
christian principles both in thought and action." 

The Essex Company cordially assented to the proposition of Judge 



136 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Indian Pnlmouic Balsam, 



PULMONIC 



Is a speedy and Certain Remedy 
for 



(Coiiglis, Colcls.( 

HOARSEXESS. 



pulMsnig 



Sore Throat, Bronchitis, Catarrh, In- 
fluenza, Hooping Congh, Asthma, 

AND THE 

VARIOUS AFFECTIOXS of the LUXGS axd CHEST. 

■WThile most diseases are not obscure in their development, and short in duration 
that of the lungs is insidious, deceitful, and often uncertain in its real nature, till it has 
reached an advanced and hopeless stage. But if seasonably and properly attended to, 
its progress may be effectually arrested in the great minority of cases. This fact 
occurs frequently within general observation and experience. To arrest the existing 
irritation of the air passages and lungs, speedily and effectually, the seat and cause of 
cough, is an important step gained toward relie'f and cure in the first stages of the dis- 
ease. But while the remedy confers this benefit, it must possess another principle 
equally indispensable to com'plete the cure. It must at the same time exert and impart 
nourishing, healing and strengthening infiuence throughout the whole system. Lung 
disease poisons the circulation, weakens the fluids of organism, and rapidly undermines 
the constitution. It thus requires a restorative of extraordinary efficacy "to reach and 
relieve the advanced stages of consumption. 

MASTAS IXDIAX PULMONIC BALSA3I 

possesses this rare combination. While it promptly and effectually arrests irritation of 
the air passages and the lungs, and rapi.lly relieves cough, it renders them further 
assistance by promoting a free discharge of their accumulated mucous, and at the same 
time imparts health and vigor to the whole system. 

Those suffering with Cough and Disease of the Lungs, will find in this valuable pre- 
paration prompt and speedy relief. Even those whose condition is beyond recovery, 
will derive from its use great benefit as well as comfort. For the class of diseases it "is 
designed to relieve, tlie general commendation it has received has proved its great 
efficacy beyond a question. Por the past twelve years 

THOUSANDS have been SPEEDILY and EFFECTUALLY CURED 

by its use while suffering from the various forms of lung disease. It is prepared from 
vegetable balsams and the native medicinal properties of roots and herbs, and contains 
no minerals or poisonous acids. Simple and sajfe in the materials used, it can be taken 
at all times when the condition of the lungs and chest needs a remedy. For eighteen 
years previous to offering the balsam to the public, the manufacturer has used it in an 
extensive practice with extraordinary good success, in which he made the study and 
treatment of Lung Disease almost exclusively a speciality. During that time its con- 
stant use and triafin all forms of the disease' pointed out many important changes and 
improvements in its preparation. A long and protracted test of its efficacy having 
fully satisfied him of its usefulness as a remedy for the first stages of pulmonic' disease, 
he offered his medicine to the public, with the assurance that its merits will constitute 
its chief certificate to pubUc favor. 

SOLD BY ALL DRUGGISTS IN LAWRENCE. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. " 137 

White, .and joined in the conveyances necessary to carry his intentions 
into eti'ect ; and the three gentlemen above named accepted the trust, in 
accordance with the provisions of the indenture establishing tlie same." * 

From the proceeds of the sale of this land our people are 
indebted for the course of "White Fund Lectures" now an- 
nuallj given gratuitously at Citj Hall. In the course of 
time a building will be erected upon a part of the ground, 
probably opposite the new Catholic Church, sufficiently large 
to accommodate a library, and afford room for lectures. 

In his letter detailing the rise and progress of manufactur- 
ing enterprises in Lowell. ("Introduction of the Power Loom 
and origin of Lowell,") Mr. Nathan Appleton saj^s: — " One 
thing is certain, manufactures cannot be carried on to any 
great extent in this country in any other manner than by joint 
stock companies. A large capital is necessary to success. 
Individuals possessing sufficient capital will not give them- 
selves up to this pursuit. It is contrary to the genius of the 
country." Only ten years ago, — 1858 — the sentiments of 



* An explanation in regard to this deed of trust is due to other parties who survive 
Jndtre White. The facts respecting this tract of land, amounting to six acres, are that 
Mr. White deeded it to Samuel Lawrence, March 2Sth, 1845, before the Essex Company 
was organized. He subsequently discovered that there was in the deed from which he 
derived his title a clause reserving a part (or the whqle) as a place of burial for the 
White family. In the meantime Mr. Lawrence had transferred the property to the 
Essex Company. On the 8th of March, 1848, at the solicitation of .Judge White, the 
E.«sex Company restored the land to him, but with the reservation of the right to use 
any part of it for streets, &c., and also binding Mr. White forever to keep the land as 
a prfvate or public burial place, excluding the erection of all buildinss except such as 
might bo required for the purposes of a cemetery — without the written consent of the 
Essex Company. We think a stone shed was once put upon the land by consent of 
Mr. White and removed by order of the Essex Company. The land w.as centrally lo- 
cated, .and the assessors put its valuation pretty high. Mr. White demurred- from pay- 
ing taxes upon it because it was a burying ground, but the assessors Insisted that the 
ground thus occupied was not a fiftieth part of the whole. The p,roperty in this con- 
dition was valueless to every one but the town, and only v.aluable to it so far as it con- 
tributed to the public funds. To .ludge White it was no better than an elephant to 
whose voracity he must contribute but from whose labor he was excluded. Whether 
at the time the Essex Company transferred the land to Judge White he. contemplated 
its application to the object to which he ultimately devoted it, Is not for us to say. The 
Essex Company's deed to liim indicates that they had no knowledge of the kind, or 
the provisions forbidding its use for other purposes than a cemetery, which they very 
well knew the public authorities would not allow, would have been changed to a form 
indicating in some degree its future destiny, and doing away with the necessity of the 
joint deed from .Judge White and the Essex Company. As the public records now 
stand, one would be at a loss to decide whether it was .Judge White or the Essex Com- 
pany to whom the public are indebted fbr this liberal bequest in their behalf. 



138 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



GEO. W. HARRIS, 



Proprietor and Manufacturer of 



HARRIS'S PA-TEISTT 



■MOli HAEHISB 



111 



A6, 



.jyLV® 



Also, Manufacturer of all kinds of 



LOOM HARNESSES. 



REEDS FURNISHED TO ORDER 



ljawff©a@t) ©®fg®ffatl®a, 



LOAVELL, ]Vt^S8. 



Orders Solicited and Promptly Attended to, 

AND 

ALI^ ITirORK ITITARRAZ^TKB. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 



139 



Mr. Appleton were undoubtedly the sentiments of a majority 
of the people of this country. But a change has been gradu- 
ally working its way upon the public mind. A colossal enter- 
prise like the Pacific, or Washington, or Atlantic, with all 
their varied interests, must either be controlled by a mind 
equally colossal, or they will not be a very marked success. 
These minds are not manufactured to order. They rise only 
at long intervals in periods of time. It is easy for a joint 
stock company to build a gigantic factory, fill it with costly 
machinery, and say to themselves, we will make this, and we 
will make that, and above all we will make money. But are 
they sure of that? Does the history of the large corpora- 
tions of Lawrence not show most conclusively that these 
calculations have been illusive? The Pacific has been a 
brilliant success to be sure, but how wisely have the directors 
selected the managers of this enterprise, and even with these 
how little of faith or hope remained when the stock of this 
corporation, now selling at ,f 1800, was depressed to less than 
$100 per share, and the company claimed and obtained* an 
extension upon their notes. Men who were esteemed as of 
more than ordinary financial acuteness then dropped their 
Pacific stock in utter dismay, in anticipation that the fate of 
the Bay State Mills was to fall upon the Pacific. But the 
managers of the Pacific were equal to the great emergency. 
At a future day it may be proper to speak with adequate full- 
ness of this crisis, and of the specific acts which saved these 
mills from disaster. It is enough to say here that there are 
probably very few men in this country who could have carried 
these mills along as did Mr. J. Wiley Edmunds, the treasurer, 
and Mr. William C. Chapin, the agent. It is possible that 
they have their pecuniary reward in the confidence they re- 
posed in the declining stock, and their ability to carry the 
property through to a brighter day, and we hope they have. 
They deserve it. They won it at a time when not one man in 
ten thousand would have ventured a dollar in the stock to save 
the mills, and when fewer still anticipated that such an invest- 
ment would result in a fortune. 



140 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



J A 




AXD 



A DELIGHTFUL AND PLEASANT REMEDY IN 

Catarrh, Headaclie, Bad Breath, 
Hoarseness, Asthma, Bronchitis, 
Coughs, Deafness, &c., &c., 

and all Diseat;es resulting from COLDS in 

Head, Throat, and Vocal Organs. 

This Remedy does not " DRY UP " a Catarrh but LOOSENS it ; frees the head 
of all offensive matter, quicklj' removing Bad Breath and Headache ; 

Allays and Soothes the Burning Heat in Catarrh ; 

is so MILD and AGREEABLE in its efl'ccts that it positively 



As a TROCHE POWDER, it is p;easant to the taste, and never nauseates; when 
swallowed instantly gives to the Throat and Vocal Organs a 

Delicious Sensation of Coolness and Comfort. 

. IS THE BEST VOICE TONIC IN THE WORLD ! 

TRY IT! SAFE, RELIABLE, AND ONLY 35 CTS. 

Sold by Druggists and the trade everywhere, or mailed free: address, 

COOPER, WILSON k CO., Prop'rs, Philadelphia. 

Sold in Lawrence by 



CORNER ESSEX AND MILL STS. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 141 

The history of the Atlantic Mills, with a capital of |!l,500,- 
000, has not been brilliant, though its home management has 
been controlled with care and guided by intelligence. It is 
every way a splendid property, a model of neatness and order 
internally and externally, yet it cannot be justly ranked 
among the successful enterprises of the past twenty years. 
Nor is the history of the Everett in any marked degree more 
successful, notwithstanding the mills and grounds were pur- 
chased at not more than forty per cent, of their intrinsic value. 
The Bay State and the Pemberton Mills it is well known were 
a most disastrous failure. These are the very class of mills 
of which Mr. Appleton speaks. Only one in five has really 
been what may be termed a perfect success, and even the fifth 
must inevitably have failed but for the herculean power which 
was developed in the treasurer <and agent. As an evidence 
that Mr. Ajjpleton's judgment, though possibly in some meas- 
ure at an earlier day justified, is not warranted in its appli- 
cation to the manufacturing business of the present time, it is 
enough to say that of all the mills recently started up in this 
city and vicinity, excepting the new mills erected under ex- 
isting charters, and the Everett, which occupies the spacious 
edifice formerly the property of the Lawrence Machine Shop, 
no large corporation has gone up here. The mills have been 
of smaller capacity and easier management, with but few own- 
ers, and they enjoy the general reputation of having been far 
more successful than a majority of their more pretentious 
neighbors. It is very doubtful whether the financial history 
of manufacturing enterprises in America, when taken as a 
whole, even from the earliest commencement, will show more 
marked, or even as great success, on the part of large corpo- 
rations as among the smaller and more easily and cheaply 
managed enterprises, directed by the close personal supervision 
of a few practical and experienced owners. Our own vicinity 
most assuredly demonstrates that alike in the manufacture of 
fabrics of flax, carding wools, worsted yarns and braids, indi- 
vidual enterprises have been far more successful than any 
others. The curious anomaly has, in years past, been pre- 



142 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



PROPRIETORS AND MANUFACTURERS OF 

Turbine Water Wheel, 

A. M. SWAIN, ACCENT, 
NORTH CHELMSFORD, MASSACHUSETTS. 



Fin J 




Fig. 1 is a perspec- 
tive view of an Iron- 
Cased 18 inch Wheel, 
adapted to a very high 
head. The casing, G, 
contains the wheel and 
gate. From G rises 
the quarter turn which 
is to connect with the 
pentstock, flume or 
fore-bag, from which 
the water is supplied 
for the wheel. This 
quarter turn also sup- 
ports the gate hoisting 
apparatus, consisting 
of the hand wheel, A ; 
gear, B ; pinion, C ; 
rack, D ; gate rods, 
E ; and their packing 
boxes, F F. These 
wheels are peculiarly 
adapted to mill sites 
subject to back water 
or the flow of tides ; 
also, where the sum- 
mer drought reduces 
the flow of water to 
three-fourths, one-h'lf 
or even one-fourth the 
capacity of the wheel. 
For these purposes 
especially they are 
warranted superior to 
anything ever yet in- 
vented. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 143 

sented of a corporation dispensing nearly as much money to 
salaried agents and superintendents in one and another of its 
departments as to all the operatives out of Avhose labor the 
entire expenses of the concern Avere expected to be paid. 
That concern is now extinct, as might have been expected. It 
is very plain to the most casual observer that experience and 
prudence gather the golden fleece in manufacturing enter- 
prises, whether upon a small or more extended scale, and that 
a large concern must, to be successful, be controlled by a mind 
corresponding in intelligence to the variety, as well as the 
magnitude of the work, or it must eventually go down. It 
has, however, been as abundantly demonstrated that a persist- 
ent aim at perfection in a feio fabrics is a guarantee of ulti- 
mate success, while a system of changes from one grade to 
another, to check-mate others who are apparently successful, 
is equally sure to lead to disaster. One man may be fitted to 
manufacture cotton goods with eminent success, while another 
may be equally Avell adapted to success in the fabrication of 
woolens, and still another in the combination of wool and cot- 
ton. Each of these is by itself a trade essentially different 
from the others, and to be successful must be prosecuted by 
persons skilled in that particular branch, or be directed by a 
mind sufficiently enlightened and comprehensive to take in all 
at once. Such a mind can control armies and navies and win 
victories over superior forces, and such minds are most lament- 
ably few. 

There is one other, and, in our view, the greatest of all 
errors in the manufacturing system of this region. It grew 
out of the necessities of the manufacturers at the outset of 
manufacturing enterprises in New England. We allude to 
the manner of selling the goods through commission houses 
instead of selling them at the place of manufacture. It is 
possible that no other system can now be established in this 
vicinity. A better system is adopted in many parts of Europe, 
and has recently found its Avay among the manufacturers in 
the western states of this country. There the manufacturer 
sends out his samples to wholesale houses in the nearest cities, 



144 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



T H O ]\J[ ^?L S 




^ ROOFER, 

Shop and Residence, 

Comer of Spring and 
Meadoio Streets, 

LAWRENCE. Mx\SS. 

Roofs covered with 

Slate, Zinc, Tin and 

Copper, at the shortest 

notice. Rooi's repaired 

[^ with promptness. An 

^' assortment of American 

Sauil Imported Slate on 

hand and for sale. 



J. PILLSBURY, JR., 



Manufacturer and Dealer in the 




Best Glass of Furnitiire, 

175 ESSEX STREET, 
H. PLXJMMER & CO., 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 

Long Lumber, Clapboards, Shingles, 

LATHS, FENCE POSTS, PICKETS, &c. 

Office, Corner of Essex and Tumpihe Streets, near tJie 
Passemjer Depot, Lawrence, Mass. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 145 

and sells on orders onlj. It is claimed that by this system a 
saving amounting to an ample profit on the labor of a mill is 
made. The risk by this system will depend on the terms of 
sale, and will range from nothing in net cash transactions to 
the same as when selling -by commission. In no contingency 
would there be greater hazard by selling on credit at the mills 
than by a system of credits through commercial agencies ; for, 
while the mills are charged heavily for guarantees against loss 
from the failure of purchasers, it is seldom that a wide-spread 
disaster falls upon the country that the mills do not incur 
heavy losses in spite of these guarantees. They literally 
amount to dross at the very time they should glitter like pure 
gold. 

We have come within a few years upon a new manufacture 
in America, which promises to bring about a most salutary 
change alike in the manufacturing and agricultural industry 
of the country, and at the same time a much needed im- 
provement in the standing condition of the people of the 
northern, middle and western cities. Previous to 1860 the 
use of combing or worsted wools, except for carpets and de- 
laines was almost entirely unknown among us. In six years, 
(1866) it is computed that of the Cotswold and Lecestershire 
wools derived from Canada and the states bordering upon Cana- 
da, no less than 3,000,000 of pounds were fabricated in the 
United States. Of this over 2,000,000 pounds were used 
on the Merrimac and its tributaries, and more than 500,000 
pounds in this city alone. Since that time, so rapid has been 
the improvements in machinery, coupled, we are glad to say. 
with an accession of skilled labor from Europe, that this man- 
ufacture bids fair to assume at no distant time most important 
proportions in comparison to those which have heretofore en- 
grossed the attention of mill owners. We are among those 
who look upon the manufactures of a country as its greatest 
glory,, and when we contemplate the almost endless variety 
of purposes to which this species of manuflicture is adapted 
— and more especially when Ave reflect that four-sixths of 
all our importations of woolens are of worsted, in ono or 

19 



146 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



imm&itmiiii. 



WOOLEN MACHINERY MADE BY 

JOHN IST. FEIRCE, 

HOWE STREET, LOWELL, MASS. 

I attend specially to the manufacture of 

FLOCK CUTTERS, LOOMS, SHAWL-FRIWGE TWISTERS AND 
FILLING-WINDERS 

The Flock Cutters are of Chase's patent, well-known, and extensively used. 
The Looms are cam-looms, of any required width, (mostly broad,) and with 
or without drop-boxes ; strong, easy-working, and will do good work with but little 
repairs. They are adapted to Flannels, (cither plain or twilled,) Shawls, Repellants, 
Doeskins, Satinets, Cassimere, and various other kinds of goods. 

The Fringe Twisters are of the Whipple patent, and are used, wherever known, in 
preference to all others. 

The Winders are mainly for coarse, heavy yarn, and for their utility I would refer to 
the U. S. Flax Manufacturing Company, Central Falls, K. I., or to the Boston Flax 
Mill, Braintree, Office, No. S.3 Commercial St., Boston. 

I append four letters by which it may be seen in what estimation my machines are 
held. 

Boston, June 25, 1866. 
John N. P'irce, Esq., 

Dkar Sir : — On my return from the Mill, I find yoair favor of the 21st inst., 
in regard to the Looms. It gives me pleasure to say that the Broad Looms you made 
for nie are working admirably, and without a known fault. They are heavy and strong 
and the workmanship is all that could be desired, and in these days of slight of-hand 
in getting up machinery, manufacturers will not fail to appreciate the qualitj' of your 
work. I think them the best Flannel Looms that I have ever seen, and that any " big 
shop" might be proud to produce their equal. 

I am very truly yours, &c., 

JOHN CLARK, 66 Milk Street. 
Office of the Waterloo Woolen Mf'g Co., ( 
Waterloo, N. Y., April 3d, 1867. J 

John N, Peirce, Esq.. 

Dear Sir : — Your letter of March 27th is received. We have iised eight of 
your Fringe Twisters long enough to give them a fair trial. The machines are easy 
to keep in order, and make a very perfect fringe, much more so than any other ma- 
chines we have used. Please fill the remainder of our order as early as you can. 

Yours truly, 

C. W. COOKE, Sdp't. 
Office of the Steam Woolen Company, } 
Catskill, N. Y., April 23d, 1267. j 

John N. Peirce, 

Dear Sir: — Your machines work finely, and we think they are the best ma- 
chines in operation. We have seen Roy's, and do not think they are as good as yours. 
There is nothing about Roy's machines that would improve yours, in our opinion. 

Yours truly, SAMUEL HARRIS, Agent. 

Lawrence, Sept. 5, 1867. 
Mr. John ^f. Peirce, 

De.-vr Sir : — In reply to yours I would beg leave to state that in my long 
experience in the making of Woolen Flocks, I have tried many kinds of machines for 
cutting them, but have found none equal to yours. They do the most work with less 
labor and expense. 

I am yours respectfully, 

WM. McAllister. 

I have for sale a lot of Looms, both broad and narrow, that have been in operation, 
some of them but a short time, and some of them longer. They have been laid aside, 
not because worn out, but to give place to other kinds. 

The broad are of ray make, and have run only a short time, and are not the least 
worse for wear. They have drop-boxes ; weave two or four shades, and were made 
for shawls. A part of the narrow ones have the Crompton Fixtures, and the others 
are for five shades, (Doeskin or Satinet,) or plain. 

I will sell these as they are, or will work them over and make them as good as 
NEW, and sell them very low. Any one wishing to get good Looms at a low price, can 
find a chance here. 

JOHN N. PEIRCE, Lowell, Mass. 



HISTORY OP LAAVRENCB. 147 

another of its varied forms, we cannot repress an expression 
of most hearty gratification at the beginning of what we feel 
must very shortly prove one of the most important branches of 
trade ever introduced into this country. More than 300,000 
persons are employed in France, and about 90,000 in England, 
on worsted goods. A single firm in the town of Bradford, in 
England, sends annually to Amei-ica a list of worsted fabrics 
embracing over sixty distinct grades of goods. But, the un- 
tutored reader may ask, in what consists the difference between 
worsted and other woolen manufactures? Simply in this: — 
broadcloths and the like are made up of w^ool of fine texture 
and short staple, which passes through the cards and is spun 
precisely as is cotton, the fibre of the w^ool laying in no par- 
ticular direction. As it comes from the cards it may be spun 
into yarn or felted into hats or cloth. Worsted, on the other 
hand, is manufactured from long and generally coarser wool, 
which, by a peculiar arrangement of the machinery through 
which it passes, from the time it enters the water to be cleansed 
of its impurities until it is attenuated to the fineness of a spi- 
der's web, is one continued process of straightening and lay- 
ing out the fibres in the same direction. If, in this process, a 
fibre should be broken, or should any short fibres or bits of 
curled wool happen to stray into it, the nicely adjusted ma- 
chinery hunts it out and discards it as a worthless interloper. 
No branch of manufactures of the textile fabrics bears any 
just comparison in interest to the thoughtful and reflecting 
mind with that of worsted. Computing by arithmetical pro- 
gression, the number of times that a given quantity of wool 
is drawn and doubled from the washer to the finished yarn 
would afford an interesting exercise alike for the most profound 
scholar and the active school-boy. The ladies are indebted to 
this branch of manufactures for all their alpacas, delaines, lus- 
tres, camblets, worsted crapes, coburgs, lastings, moreens, 
Orleans cloths, alepines, shalloons, queen's cloth, and many 
others, in fact an almost infinite variety of dress goods, to- 
gether with all the braids and bindings known as worsted or 
alpacca. From the crown of the head to the sole of the foot, 



148 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



®e g, WAl 



Manufacturers and Dealers in 



jL^ID^MiJL^a) MJ' ' 




JDJEtlOr Gr 



CITY ISIARKET HOUSE, 
MARKET STREET, . . LOWELL, MASS. 



"We manufacture to, order, at our Chemical "Works and Mills, situated at North Bil- 
lerica, with a never failing water power, enabling us at all seasons to fill our orders 
promptly, the following list of articles, to which we would call the attention of dealers 
and manufacturers : — 



Barwood, 

Brazilwood, 

Camwood, 

Fustic, 

Hypernic, 

Limawood, 

Logwood, 

Peachwood, 

Red Sanders, 

Redwood, 

Sappanwood, 



Quer. Cit. Bark, 
Lac Dye, 
Cream Tartar , 
Red Tartar, 
Nut Galls, 
Tumeric, 
Divi Divi, 
Argols, 

Sperm Oil Soap, 
Palm Oil Soap, 



Aqua Fortis, 
Aqua Ammonia, 
Barwood Spirits, 
Blue "Vitriol, 
Est. Indigo, 
Indigo Oil "Vitriol, 
Iron [>iquor. 
Oil Vitriol, 
Muriatic Acid, 
Muriate Iron, 



Muriate Tin, 
Nitric Acid, 
Nitrate Iron, 

do Copper, 
Plumb Spirits, 
Preparing Salts, 
Red Liquors, 
Redwood Spirits, 
Scarlet Spirits, 
Tin Crystals, 
Yellow Spirits. 



"We have constantly on hand, in Store, in addition to above : 



Alum, 

Brimstone, 

Bleaching Powders, 

Cochineal, 

Cudbear, 

Copperas, 

Cutch, 

Flavine, 



Glue, 

Gambier, 

Gum Arabic, 

Indigo, 

Lace Leather, 

Madder, 

Oil Vitriol, 

Oils, 



Potash Bichrome, 

Potash Pruss, 

Potash, 

Pickers, 

Picker Leather, 

Reeds, 

Shuttles, 



Sal Soda, 

Soda Ash, 

Soda Soap, 

Sumac, 

Sugar Lead, 

Twines and Tapes, 

Tin, 



And all articles generally used by Manufacturers. 
"With our increasing facilities and long experience, we do not hesitate saying to 
dealers and manufacturers, that quality and price shall be satisfactory. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 149 

either woman or child maj be more comfortably dressed in 
this fabric than in cotton. And it is a source of no little sat- 
isfaction that this fabric, in some form, is so rapidly supplant- 
ing cotton in domestic use. For fifty years the varied forms 
into Avhich cotton has been wrought have given to these fabrics 
an almost unlimited use in New England. Their track is 
marked by enfeebled and consumptive families. Our grave- 
yards are filled with the remains of men and women whose 
duration of life has fallen sadly short of that of an ancestry 
whose clothing was fabricated solely from wool, around the 
domestic hearth-stone. The substitution of fabrics of wool 
for those of cotton, as articles of dress, indicates an increased 
skill in manufactures in which no American can fail to take 
a deep interest. They inspire the hope that the time will 
soon come when they will drive out from among us the bulk of 
our cotton manufactures, as only fit to be used by the people 
inhabiting the regions which produce the raw material. For 
years gone by it has been claimed that "cotton is king," and 
during all the time it might as truly have been said that it 
was a joint partner of the "king of terrors." Its pathway 
is little better than a desolation, and now that a fabric, neater, 
more durable, healthier, and ultimately cheaper, has arisen 
to take its place, no one who prizes the happiness and pros- 
perity of the country will fail to greet it with most hearty 
satisfaction. 

We have before said that the consumption of combing wool 
in this city amounted to 500,000 pounds. This estimate is 
based upon the business of 1865 and 1866. From careful 
enquiries among the manufacturers of Lawrence, we find that 
the machinery already set up, or now being set up, will re- 
quire in the aggregate no less than 1,200,000 pounds of 
combing wool. Present appearances indicate that the valley 
of our noble river is destined to be the seat of the worsted 
trade of the United States. No mills exclusively for the 
manufacture of cotton have been erected in this vicinity for 
many years. On the other hand, we have had no less than 
five mills erected for woolen and worsted fabrics exclusively. 



150 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



American Water Wheel Company, 

MAmJFACTURERS OF 

"^7«r j^ n. rt E5 INT » js 



ni. 



Iiflii© Water Wliil 




For Cotton and Woolen Factories, Grist Mills, Saw ISIills, »&c. ; 

ALSO, 

Mill G-earing, Shafting and Pulleys 

OF EVERY description:. 

i]vif»rove:d regmjl^tors, 

(the best in use.) 

GRIST MILLS AND SAW MILLS 

built by contract, at short notice, and in the most thorough manner. 
All orders promptly executed. 

Water Wheel Worlds, 387 Federal St. Business Office, 31 Exchange St., 
BOSTON,, MASS. 

AIjOM-ZO "WAKKEN, Agent. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 151 

and two, the Everett and Peraberton, have each a woolen de- 
partment. All the most recently erected mills are run alone 
on woolen or worsted fabrics. 

In the line of braids there is probably more doing here 
than in any other location in America. The machines upon 
which these braids are manufactured are of American inven- 
tion, less complicated, lighter and cheaper than the machines 
for the same purpose used in England. It is also claimed 
that they do more and better work, and that, as a consequence, 
the importation of braids from Europe must shortly cease for 
want of a market, or becau.se home competition will so cheapen 
this article that the products of Europe will cease to find the 
American market remunerative. The first person to enter 
upon this line of trade was Mr. George C. Moore, who com- 
menced with only a few machines. His success soon induced 
the formation of the. Wright Manufacturing Company, who 
set in motion 186 machines. This company was followed by 
Wade & Walworth, Avho, in addition to the manufacture of 
braids, also comb their own wools and spin the yarn used 
upon their braids. They run 125 braid machines. Messrs. 
King, under the name of the Lawrence Braid Company, run 
16 machines. The Atlantic Cotton Mills, in addition to the 
legitimate objects embraced in their charter, have erected a 
large and handsome mill for the manufacture of worsted yarns 
and braids. They have 30 spinning machines and 213 braid 
machines, but no part of this mill is now in operation. For 
the present, we believe all the other braid machines are kept 
at work to their full capacity. Were all the above machines 
in full operation they would every year turn out a length of 
braid sufficient to reach from London to San Francisco, across 
the American continent. Messrs. Stedman & Doland have 7 
Jacquard looms, embracing 118 shuttles, 48 of which are for 
fancy work, which they will soon start up on bindings and 
trimmings of a class altogether superior to any ever before 
manufactured in this country, and equal in every respect to 
the best importations. 

There are eighteen distiftct corporate and individual enter- 



152 



ADVERTISEMETS. 



S . G . ]V1 ^ C K , 

123 MARKKT STRHEST, 

LOW^ELL, MASS. 







■i/ 




Manufactures and Puts TJp 



i,flU' 



.M 



GUTTERS. 

WINDOW CAPS, BRACKETS, &c. 



ALSO MAJSrUPACTURERS OF 




Iron Pesiicess^iBalliistrades^ 

STORE FRONTS, STAIRS, AND 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 153 

prises in this city, Methuen, Andover and North Andover de- 
voted to the manufacture of textile goods, independent of the 
braid works which do not manufacture their own yarn. Of 
these, ten are devoted entirely to woolen goods, one to flax, 
two to cotton alone, and five to manufactures both of cotton 
and wool. In two of the last named establishments wool is 
the predominating fabric, and in three cotton predominates. 
If in full operation, these mills would consume not less than 
4000 tons of the different qualities of combing and carding 
wool per year. The woolen goods embrace almost every grade 
of American manufactures, from flannels to the best cassi- 
meres, dress goods and shawls. It is a source of pride to this 
community that two prizes should have been awarded upon the 
goods sent from this city to the World's Fair at Paris, and es- 
pecially that one of these should have been the first premium 
on textile fabrics. This prize, of the value of nearly $2000, 
was awarded to Mr. William C. Chapin, in behalf of the Pa- 
cific Mills. A silver medal was awarded to Mr. John L. 
Hayes, secretary of the National Association of Wool Growers 
and Wool Manufacturers, in behalf of the Washington Mills 
in this city. 

We embody the woolen business in the foregoing form that 
the reader may the more readily comprehend its vast magni- 
tude and rapidly increasing importance in this vicinity. The 
"little" mills of Andover and North Andover have wrouirht 
out fortunes for their owners in their patient industry for many 
a year; the mills in Lawrence and Methuen are of more re- 
cent origin, but we trust they are all surely making their way 
to like success. In the quality of fabrics, it is undoubtedly 
true that very few mills in Europe equal those of this region, 
and it is to be regretted that such fabrics should, on any con- 
sideration, bear any other than their true character when sent 
to market. It is high time that our best fabrics should be put 
upon the mavket for what they really are — American manu- 
factures — without being debased by fictitious labels, indicautiu<Tf 
that they have a foreign origin. If perverted taste demands 
such pandering, the common good forbids it .and the better 

20 ■ 



154 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



A N&vn business in ILnO'STSJ'ell^ 

AT 72 CENTRAL STREET. 

Many persons who are using really well constructed Watches are at a loss to account 
for the fact that they do not get nearer perfect time. Any one who will take the trou- 
ble to examine the 'I'ables giving the relative expansion and contraction of metals by 
heat and cold, (to be found in any reliable mechanical work) can easily convince them- 
selves that of all metals usually used in the construction of Balances of Watches, steel 
ranks best, gold next, brass or composition the poorest; while all come tar from per- 
fection. Any one can readily see that however faithfully constructed a Watch they 
may procure it will be impossible to obtain reliable time until the differences attendant 
upon the expansion and contraction of metals shall have been overcome. 

Nothing so nearly accomiilishes this object as what is usually called the Chronome- 
ter Balance. Having made this branch of Watch Making a particular study, and fitted 
up with suitable goods and apparatus for 

Setting and Adjusting Chronometer Balances, 

I would respectfully invite all who are in want of a reliable time-keeper to call at my 
place of business and learn whether it may not be advisable to accomplish the desired 
result: i. e., Correct Time, by applying the Chronometer Balance to the Watch they 
already own. Unadjusted Watches corrected at cheaper rates than in Boston or New 
York. 

FINE WATCH REPAIRING 

done in a thorough and workmanlike manner. FINE CHRONOMETER WATCHES, 
from the best Manufactories, FOR SALE. 

E. B. CARTER, 72 Central St., Lowell. 

ESTABLISHED II3" 1847. 



G-EORQE W. SARG-ENT, M. D., 

(SUCCESSOR TO HORATIO SMITH), 

190 ESSEX STREET, - - LAWRE:NrCE, 

DEALER IN 

Drugs, Medicines and Chemicals, 

FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES, 
SPONGES, BRUSHES AND PERFUMERY, CHOICE CIGARS. 



Physician's Prescriptions Carefully Compounded. 



COIVSXJLTIIVG OFFICES: 

190 ESSEX STREET, AND 167 ESSEX STREET. 



HISTORY OP LAWRENCE. 155 

sense of every friend of American industry most emphatically 
condemns it. 

The hatting business also consumes a large amount of wool 
and gives employment to a considerable population. As near 
as we can ascertain, over 250 tons of wool and 500 hands are 
employed in this business. All the hat establishments are 
run by steam power. This business has long been prosecuted 
with success in Methuen, and is growing rapidly in this city. 

In the manufacture of cotton fabrics, not far from 6000 tons 
of raw material is used. Of this, about 80 tons is converted 
into duck and sail twine, and the entire balance is made into 
some of the various fabrics for domestic use, such as tickings, 
shirting stripes, shirtings, sheetings, checks, print cloths, 
cambrics, &c., or combined in the form of warp for fabrics of 
mixed cotton and wool. The Pacific uses, in one or another 
of these forms, over 1000 tons ; the Atlantic about 3000 tons; 
the Washington, Pemberton and Everett about 1500 tons. 

The aggregate of coal used by the various manufactories in 
this region, including 4000 tons used by the Gas Company, 
cannot fall short of 40,000 tons per annum. It is an item of 
considerable importance in connection with the cost of manu- 
facturing, and yet it is one that is often given with much of 
vague reluctance. 

The growth of Lawrence is pretty well indicated by the in- 
crease in the consumption of gas during the past ten years. 
The amount disposed of in 1857 equalled only about 7,500,- 
000 feet per annum. The present supply is equal to 32,000,- 
000 feet. Every mill in the city, and most of the large work- 
shops, are lighted by gas. All the mills and most of the shops 
are warmed by steam. 

The various mills and workshops in this city and vicinity 
annually consume nearly 175,000 gallons of oil, about 500 
tons of starch, and something over .$1,000,000 worth of drugs 
and dyes, and give employment to not less than 14,000 oper- 
atives. The capital employed in these various enterprises it 
is not easy accurately to estimate. Very few persons engaged 
in manufacturing enterprises, unless working under a charter, 



156 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



C^REY & HARRIS, 

Corner of Broadtvay and Mount Vernon Streets, 
LOA\ ELL, ]>I^SS., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 
AND 

WOOD WORKING MACHINERY, 



Including all kinds of Machinerj- for Bedstead and Chair 'Work. 
All our Machinery is warranted to give perfect satisfaction. 

ADJUSTABLE HA:NrGEES axd SHAFTI^^G. 

Our Improved Adjustable Hanger, with Self-oiling Box, was awarded the 

AT THE LATE MIDDLESEX MECHANICS FAIR, IN THIS CITY. 
For Cuts and Circulars, address as above. 




^"^^MPililMillilllflilffl 

Particular attention, paid to Engravings and Display 
Cards for Color Printing. Ticws of all Manufac- 
tured Articles Photographed directly on TTood, 
ensuring Correct Hepresentations. 



15 Congress Street, 



Boston. 



care to tell precisely the aroount of capital thej employ; and 
even some of the corporations, whose merited good fortune 
has appeared in the enlargement of works and purchase of 
valuable property, instead of being made more widely mani- 
fest in extra dividends, are inclined to refer to the amount of 
money covered by their charters, rather than state the amount 
actually employed. A disregard of the amenities of respect- 
ful intercourse may be becoming in an assessor of taxes, while 
one in search of facts designed for publication might not be 
justified in such a departure from his sense of propriety. Our 
three largest corporations, the Pacific, Washington and At- 
lantic, are incorporated with an aggregate capital of |55.650,- 
000, nearly half of which (.$2,500,000) belongs to the Pa- 
cific. Probably the entire capital now employed in the cir- 
cuit we have named may be equal to about $1,000,000 to 
every 1000 operatives, or about .$14,000,000. 

No one branch of business has contributed more to the per- 
manent and healthy growth of Lawrence than that of paper 
making. The mills are mostly owned by residents of the city, 
and their sales are made, as a general rule, without the aid of 
commission houses. There are now in operation eight large 
mills, and still another is going up on the south side of the 
river. The mills already in operation give constant employ- 
ment to some 300 or 400 hands, and manufacture from 5000 
to 6000 tons of paper annually. Of the mills in operation, 
the Russell Paper Company own two, which are run on fine 
book, cap and white envelope, of which they make not far 
from 7000 pounds per day on an average. This company em- 
ploys 113 hands. William Russell & Sons run two mills on 
Manillti, manufacturing about 5000 pounds per day, and giving 
employment to 37 hands. S. W. Wilder runs one mill on 
book and newspaper, of which he manufactures about 600 
tons annually, giving employment to about 50 hands. J. A. 
Bacon runs one mill on book paper, producing from 500 to 
600 tons annually, and employing about 40 hands. The six 
mills above enumerated consume annually over 3000 tons of 
coal and about 250 tons of bleaching powders. James S. 



158 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



A. S. BUNKER, 




Having lately refitted his Shop and stocked it with one of the best assortments of 

^^ WrTr^ m^m 



m 



AM WIWM 



in Essex County; now offers the above for sale, 



At Prices that Must Suit All ! 

in want of such goods. He also attends to 

Fitting New and Repairing Old Pumps and Pipes, 

in the best manner and warrants it to be done as well as can be done anywhere, and 
at prices as low as can be afforded. He is also prepared to manufacture all kinds of 

Copper, Tin, Sheet Iron Ware, and Stove Pipe, 

to order, and keeps it for sale. 

All of the latest styles of Kerosene Burners and Chimneys in the market. Lantern 
Globes, Ale Pumps and Faucets, Liquor Faucets, (Jesspools, House Bells, and in fact 
most any article needed in house or store can be found at 

^. S. BUISTKER'S., 

m BUNKER'S NEW BLOCK, 

288 Common St., Lawrence, Mass. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 159 

Monroe, of Boston, runs one mill, employing 16 hands, in 
the production of roofing or sheathing paper, of which nearly 
800 tons is made annually. W. B. Hayden & Co. employ 15 
or 20 hands in a manufacture which is as much entitled to be 
classed with the manufacture of paper (the process of manu- 
facturing being nearly identical) as the one last named. This 
manufacture is known as leather board^ of which this mill 
turns out from 500 to 600 tons annually. 

In the line of machinery and factory supplies there are 
numerous shops. The oldest machine shop is that of Albert 
Blood. He employs 12 hands on mill shafting and general 
job work. Williams & Wilson employ 6 or 8 hands on general 
job work. The McKay Sewing Machine Works give employ- 
ment to about 50 hands in the manufacture of sewing ma- 
chines, adapted to sewing boots and shoes. J. C. Hoadley & 
Co. employ about 80 hands in the manufacture of portable 
engines and saw mill gearing.. McCabe & Co. have recently 
commenced the manufacture of steam boilers. They employ 
10 hands. — The Lawrence Flyer and Spindle Works is a grow- 
ing institution. They have gone into a corporate existence 
with ^50,000 capital, and now employ 45 hands. — Webster, 
Dustin & Co. employ 75 hands in the manufacture of woolen 
machinery of every description — L. Sprague & Co. employ 
about 40 hands in the manufacture of spools and bobbins of 
every description. 

There are two manufactories of card clothing in Lawrence. 
That of Warren & Robinson employs 10 hands, and use about 
100 sides of leather per week. They curry all the leather 
they use — Stedman & Fuller are also engaged in the manu- 
facture of card clothing, the leather for which is curried at 
their factory. These two establishments employ about 100 
card setting machines. 

Davis & Furbur, of North Andover, run 110 card machines 
and employ 250 men in the manufacture of woolen machinery. 
In the last decade they have been the means of building up, 
through the employment afforded in their business, one of the 
most flourishing and intelligent villages in the state. 



160 



ADVERTISEMETS. 



A. SHAEPE & CO., 



H 
W 
W 
P5 
Eh 

m 
M 

m 

00 

o 
o 







Q 



m 



"WTiolesale and Betail Dealers in 

FOREIG^N AND DOMESTIC 



T 



i.# o e? 



f 



Cloak and Mantilla Mannfacturers. 



i>i2r*AnT3i:i:ivTS. 



Dress Goods. I Silks, Black and Fancy. 

Cloakings and Cloths. | Men's Furnishing Goods 
Linen Goods. I "White Goods. 

Yankee Notions. | Hosiery and Gloves. 

Kibbons. 



Cloaks. 
Domestics. 
Flannels. 
Embroideries & Laces. 



AGENTS FOR ESSEX DYE HOUSE 

All Goods and Orders left here. 



A. SHARPE. 



J. C. STUART. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 161 

In the line of wool hats there are about a dozen manufac- 
tories in Methuen and LaAvrence. They employ, in the ag- 
gregate, not far from 500 hands. 

The shoe business has long maintained a large community 
in Methuen, and the recent introduction of new processes of 
manufacture by the aid of machinery is extending the busi- 
ness to this city, where power is more easily and cheaply ob- 
tained than at Methuen. During the dull times in 1856 a 
great effort was made to introduce this business into Lawrence. 
To this end the building now known as Ordway Block was 
built by the contributions of puTjlic spirited citizens, the Essex 
Company giving the land, and offered on terms deemed ad- 
vantageous to those engaged in the trade. But no one would 
take it, and after remaining idle for several years it went into 
the hands of its present owner, who purchased the land in 
order that the building might be diverted to other purposes. 

There are some things better not done than done imperfect- 
ly ; and time, space and fitness of talent are all wanting with 
us, else the sacred duty of rendering to the "boys in blue," 
who went forth from our midst, all to privation and daring, 
and many, alas ! to death, their meed of honor for noble sacri- 
fice in upholding a nation's life, might be attempted. 

The youthful vigor of our population loaned liberally of its 
strength to the imperilled nation in the hour of its need, and, 
before the more sluggish impulses of older communities were 
stirred to action, two companies of the gallant "Old Sixth" 
regiment, civilians of yesterday, were breasting the fury of 
a rebel mob in the streets of Baltimore, and the martyr 
Needham had fallen, the first sacrifice upon the altar of 
union. 

There is no need that we, at this day, should attempt a 
written record of the deeds of our soldiers through the san- 
guinary struggle; the hardships of campaigning are fresh in 
the minds of survivors and vivid in the memories of the be- 
reaved and the sufferings and sacrifices of those wlio endured 
a soldier's fortunes and found a soldier's grave. 

21 



162 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



GEORGE AV. HORN, 

ONLY AGENT FOR 

Warren's Improved Fire and Water- 
Proof Roofing, 

Office, Common St., near Depot, Lawrence, Mass. 

WILLIAM E. LIYINQSTON, 

DEALER IN 



» 

LI]\IE, CEIVIEIVT, 

Plaster, Bricks, Hair, Laths, 

HAY, GKAD^, FLOUK, &C., 
no. 9 THORE7DIKI: ST.^ 

LO^VELL, MASS. 

GHARLSS S. MOSHESR^ 

RECEIVER AND WHOLESALE DEALER IN 

W ^ ® V & . 



Store near Depot, Lawrence, Mass. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 163 

The names of all such will live in the future; the choicest 
oiferings of genius will be laid upon the graves of the fallen, 
and historians and poets of coming centuries will make im- 
mortal in record and in song the heroes of to-day. 

It is enough for us therefore to say that every demand upon 
our city during the war, through the excitement and heat of 
sudden calls for troops, of necessity for public expenditure en- 
tirely unprecedented, and calls upon private charity without 
limit, was fully met with a promptness indicative alike of un- 
questioned loyalty and an activity and enterprise not to be 
excelled. 

Statistics show that this city furnished 2617 volunteers and 
drafted men; paid in local bounties $83,675; $45,099,35 in ex- 
penses incurred by reason of the war; and more than |>200,000 
have been paid under state laws and by municipal liberality for 
the relief of soldiers, sailors and their families. The service 
rendered by a brave soldier can never be rewarded by pay- 
ment of money, but there is no surer test of a high civilization 
and an active christian sentiment in a community than its care 
for those impoverished in a struggle for the preservation of 
those characteristics in our form of government which gives 
us pre-eminence. Much was done in Lawrence by private 
charities towards alleviating the sufferings of the sick and 
wounded upon the field and in the hospitals. On the 7th of 
April, 1862, the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society was formed. 
During the war this association sent to the Sanitary Com- 
mission $3,500, and $500 to the Christian Commission, 
and gave .$1,795 to Rev. George P. Wilson, city missionary, 
to be used at his discretion for the relief of such families of 
volunteers as might be in needy circumstances. In addition 
to this, a very large quantity of hospital stores and clothing 
for invalids was fabricated and forwarded to the hospitals near 
Washington. 

The operations of the Sanitary and Christian Commissions 
became, during the war, truly gigantic, giving to American 
warfare a distinguishing feature. The deeds of one Florence 
Nightingale were repeated by the sacrifices of hundreds of 



164 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



^ CO.^ 



1^1^ 



IIlISHll 



Manufacturers of and Dealers In 



FOR STEAM, GAS AND WATER. 

A general assortment of these goods, as 

Globe and Angle Valves, Steam, Gas and Water Cocks, 

Cast and 3Ialleable Iron FittlnrfS, Boiler Feeding 
Pumps, <&c., constantly on hand and made to order. 

The patronage of consumers and dealers in Lawrence and vicinity is resijectfuUy 
solicited. RKPAIRS SPECIALLY INVITED. 

"We are permitted to refer to Russell Paper Company. 

BARKER & CO., 

RUSSELL'S PAPER MILLS, 



FOOT OF CA.IVAIL., 

GILMAN BARKER. 



JAS. H. WILKINSON. • 



THE ESSEX EAGLE 




im r filing 

ESTABLISHMENT, 
153 ESSEX STREET, LAWEEKCE. 

ESTABLISHED 18G5. 



THE ESSEX EAGLE 



Is a Weekly Family Newspaper, published every Saturday Morning, at $L50 por an- 
num. It is' the only independent paper in the city, and lias earned for itself an impor- 
tant position as a first-class news journal, and from its large amount of reading matter 
and low rates, it is the most desirable paper in the city. 

The Office is supplied with a large amount of New Material for executing all kinds 
of 

JOB FRUSTTIlSrG^. 

All work done with neatness and despatch, and warranted to give satisfaction. 



H. A. WADSWORTH, Proprietor. 



HISTORY OF LAWRENCE. 165 

American women who alleviated the sufferings of the wound- 
ed and ministered to the dying in army hospitals — the record 
of these charities and ministrations is the silver lining of the 
war-cloud so recently dispelled. That Lawrence, in the days 
when the rehellion had its inception, and in those dark days 
when victory hung in the balance, never wavered in its ad- 
herence to the calise, never failed to respond to all claims upon 
private charity and public action, is a source of pride to every 
citizen, and an item of record we could ill afford to spare from 
the History of Lawrence. 

It was not far from the^/-5^ of April, 1863, that Mr. A. J. 
Perkins conceived the idea of building a horse railway from 
Methuen, through Lawrence, to North Andover and Andover. 
He presented, through Mr. John Doland, then in the legisla- 
ture, a petition for an act of incorporation, together with a 
draft of such a charter as he desired. By some means, never 
satisfactorily explained to Mr. P., the charter was issued, but 
with the names of Geo. D. Cabot, W. H. P. Wright and Wm. 
R. Spalding as corporators. This charter was renewed in 1866, 
and during the autumn of 1867 the track was laid from Me- 
thuen to the paper mills in Lawrence. It is a public conve- 
nience and a great success. 

In the list of newspapers published in Lawrence we omitted 
to mention that Homer A. Cooke issued several copies of a 
newspaper from the office of the Sentinel, under the title of 
Lawrence Republican. In 1849, Messrs. I. W. & D. F. 
Ayer issued a few numbers of a literary paper, entitled The 
Juvenile Traveler and Scholars' Literary Magazine. This 
paper was printed at the Courier office. Robert M. Bailey 
published a paper in aid of a health insurance enterprise, in 
which he was engaged in 1850. It continued only during 
the existence of the enterprise it was started to build up. In 
January, 1868, Mr. Charles C. Whitney issued a paper, a 
model of neatness, and withal a very judiciously edited sheet, 
under the name of The Holiday Guide. It is intended to 
publish it annually, and deserves a handsome support from 
this community. 



106 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



g4EDT M4CHmE C0,j 

PROFraETons axd manufacturers of 
C . HARDY'S IMPROVED 

Traverse Cylinder Card Grinders, &c. 



m 



This cut represents Grinder as seen Grindinar Doffer and Main Cylinder. 
Patented March 3, 185", Oct. 6. lSo7. and Feb . 5, 1S61, Dec. 19, 1S66, April 16, 1S67. 

This Machine is now almost unirersally used in all Mills where cotton, wool or silk 
fabrics are manufactured or wherever carding engines are used. The mechanical con- 
struction is such that the operation of the Grinder on the card teeth commends itselt at 
once to every mechanic and manufacturer. .And everyone who has had any experience 
in cardins: niust .at once see the many advantages of this machine over the long or fancy, 
or any other grinder now known : as the grinding cylinder or wheel is narrow, and 
traverses on a shaft or arbor made perfectly true, its "entire width over and beyond the 
range of the card teeth at either end. thus grinding all the teeth alike, and leaves a 
true and even surface, with all the card teeth ground with a needle-like point, tree 
from wire-edge, and in the best possible condition for carding. 

■^Vhile, on the other hand the long or Fancy Grinder vibrates but one or two inchel, 
it may be positive — whether so or not, it makes no dilierenee: they depend upon cov- 
ering the grinder true and even to get the card true and even. This is impossible — so 
say over tive hundred carders — for some wave or unevenness will naturally exist on the 
grinder, and of course will grind the card and leave the same wave or tinevenness, 
both on the dotier and maiti cylinder, just the width of the vibration. This is seen 
verv plainly when you put a long grinder on a newly clothed card, or any card that is 
perfectly true, as it shows streaks or stripes, as it would of course. The highest ker- 
nels of emerv must strike the card teeth first, and if first, then as the grinder is put 
down till all 'the surface of the card is being ground, the same largest or highest kernels 
of emerv grind the deepest, hence the unevenness must be there, and there is no way 
that this" grinder can take it out; besides, it leaves a wire edge th.at requires strapping 
to get it off. and takes longer to grind a card. Clothing of card will uot last more than 
two-thirds as long: costs donble'to do the work, in time, emery, twine, glue, &c.; re- 
quires a stricklen thus more help to take care of the cards. 

With the Hardy Grinder you obviate all the above difficulties, that serious one of 
nnevenness, wire' edge, strickling, breaking of teeth, and loss of time by cards being 
stopped, will grind doffer and cylinder at same time, and the card cylinders do not need 
stripping one quarter so often. " .\nd to substantiate the above facts, we would refer 
you to those that are using them. We have most 3000 of them in constant use. grind- 
ing over 40,000 cards in tfafs country besides a great many ia England and France. 

The Hardy Grinder has been awarded the First Premium in all the Mechanical Fairs 
where it has been put on exhibition, ^whioh is five tiraes\ 

The Hardy Grinder is now no experiment, for it has been in use over six years, and 
where they "have used them the longest time, we have assurance that the above state- 
meTits are "true. What better recommendation can we have I 

We build Machines to Grind Top-Flats, T.ickerings, Workers and Strippers, on the 
same improved plan, also Machines to true Presser Rolls. ;this makes a great saving,) 
Machines to grind Cloth Shears, both Fly Blade and Ledger, Machines to true Callen- 
der Rolls without removing from the Frame : also. Woodman's Portable Ratchet and 
Gear-Driller combined, alfof which are acknowledged to be labor and money saving 
machines. Orders or inquiries relative to the above Machinery, or for cuts or circulars, 
address. 

HARDY MACHINE CO., 

CHARLES HARDY, Agent, Biddeford, Maine. 



INDEX TO ADVERTISERS. 



167 



Ayer, J. C. & Co., 80 
American Water Wheel Co., 150 

Bedell, Foster & Co., 12 

Bishop, L. A., 52 

Barker, H. R. & Co., 58 

Barker & Co., 164 

Brigham, William C, 60 

Beach, L. & Son, 74 

Banfield, II. N., . 82 

Billings, Samuel D., 86 

Bower, Robert, 90 

Brazer, William P., 104 

Buck Brothers, 104 

Brown, C. W., 132 

Bunker, A. S., 158 

Clarke, Charles, 48 

Cooper's Express, 90 

Cutter & Walker, 90 

Chadwick, A. C, 94 

Clark, Jeremiah, 94 

Coggeshall, F. P., 108 

Caulcutt, J. C, 112 

Cooper, Wilson & Co., 140 

Carter, E. B.. ■ 154 

Carey & Harris, 156 
Crane, John E., 4 of cover 

Dexter & Gardiner, 26 

Davis, Perry & Son, 68, 70 

Davis, Edmund & Son, 74 

Dearborn, C, C, 76 

Dike, E. R., 84 
Davis, Asahel, 114, 126, 128 
Davis' Sect'l Maps of Lowell, 118 
120, 122 

Davis & Furbur, 134 



Ellis, Snow & Son, 


54 


Evans, C. M., 


2 of cover 


French, C. B., 


6 


FUnt, J. F., 


44 


Goodrich, A. W., 


86 


George, J. W. & Co., 


88 


Graham, JVIrs. L. W., 


106 


Gale & Ames, 


130 


Haughton & Bingham, 


46 


Hayes, J. R., 


64 


Hayden, W. B. & Co., 


76 


Hall, B. F., 


84 


Hardy's Express, 


92 


Huse, T. W., 


92 


Hunnewell, John L., 


96 


Hill, Mrs. Mary J., 


106 



Harris, George W., 138 

Hedge, F., 156 

Horn, George W., 162 
Hardy Machine Company, 166 

'Kiley Brothers, 108 

Lawrence, A. & G. W., 72 

Livingston, William E., 162 

Marston & Prince, 2 
Medina, J., 10, 100 

Martin, D. N. & C. M., 16, 18 

Murphy, Patrick, ' 24 

Melven, Kimball & Co., 104 

Masta, J. A., 136 

Mack, S. G., 152 
Merrill. G. S. & Co., 3 of cover 

Mosher, Charles E., 162 

Nason, Symonds & Co., 42 

Nash, J. W. & Co., 102 

O'Gara, Thomas F., 14 

O'Reily, Thomas, 144 

Prince, Henry B., 88 
Pedrick & Closson, 110, 130 

Pillsbury, J. Jr., 144 

Plummer, fl. & Co., 144 

Peirce, John N., 146 

Richardson, L. B. & Co., 62 

Renne, William, 78 

Robinson, Samuel & Co., 84 

Reynolds, Mrs. J. II., 106 

Ratferty. Hugh, 124 

Stratton, Lewis, 22 
Sargent, Charles G., 28, 30, 32, 
34, 36, 38, 40 

Saunders' Express, 86 

Swain Turbine Co., 142 

Sargent, George W., 154 

Sharpe, A. & Co., 160 

Stone & Huse. 168 

Talbot, George F., 4, 50 

Tapley, A. C, 66 

Talbot, C. P. & Co., 148 

Warren & Robinson, 8 

Whitney, H. M., 20 

Whitcomb, I. A., 56 

Wood, Robert, 82 

Wheeler & ChurchiU, 92 

Weil, Louis & Co., 98 

WeirN. J. &C«., 116 

Wads worth, H. A., 164 






168 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



♦'THE ART PRESERVATIVE." 




][SrEA^rSPA.P]ER, BOOK 



^M^ 



21 CET^TRAL STREET, - - LOWELL. 



The Largest Frinting Establishment in Eastern 
Massachusetts. 



The Proprietors have lately supplied their office with every material necessary for 
the prompt, neat and economical execution of LKTTBU-PRESS PRINTING. Having 
an establishment with all the most 

MODERISr TYPES AND FINESSES 

in use, they feel assured that they can compete successfully with any other establish- 
ment in the prompt and neat execution of all work entusted to them, and at as LOW 
PRICES as can be offered anywhere. 

Special attention given to Printing for Cotton and Woolen Manufac- 
turing Establishments, Mercantile, Banking and Railroad Companies, 

in short, all kinds of Job Printing, Plain or in Colors. 



ALL KINDS OF COPPER-PLATE PRINTING. 

Marriage and Visiting Cards and Circulars, of the latest styles. 



J. 



